第二章药物的化学基础.ppt

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1、 药物的化学基础药物化学（2）强碱弱酸盐磺胺嘧啶钠（1-1）的溶液吸收空气中的二氧化碳水解后，析出磺胺嘧啶（1-2）的沉淀。(1-2)(1-1)HH2NSO2NCO2H2ONaNSO2H2NNNNN强酸弱碱盐盐酸地巴唑（1-3）在水溶液中受热水解后析出地巴唑（1-4）沉淀。+(1-3)(1-4)HClHClNHNCH2NHNCH2ONNO 毛果云香碱R OH+RCOOH+OORRCH2OOHCOROOORRCH2OROHOHCRORO+(1-5)ORCOHOHOR+碱性条件下的反应机理OORRCOHCRORO+HH+RCHCOROHH+2H2O+HH+ORRCCOH+OHOORRCCRORO+

2、HCH+RCHCOROHHO+2H2OH2O+HH+ORRCC+OHOORRCCRORO+HCH+O+RCROHHCOROHHO+2H2OH2O+HH+ORRCC+OHOORRCCRORO+HCH+O+RCHCOROHHO+2H2OH2O+HH+ORRCC+OHOORRCCROROOH+HCH+O+HRCROHROHHCOROHHO+2H2OH2O+HH+ORRCC+OHOORRCCRORO+HOHCRH+H+O+ORCHRCOROHHO+2H2OH2OO+HH+ORRCCROR+酸性条件下的反应机理HNHNOOOR 巴比妥R NH2NHR+RCOOH+ORCH2O H2OHHH3CCH2OH

3、OHOHNHOOOOHCHOCH3OHOOCH3CHOOHOOH3CNHOHOHCH2OHHNH2HNCNHNHHOHONHCHN2OHOCH2OHOHOHNHH3COOOHCHOCH3OOOH22HNCNHNHHOHONHNHCHNH2O(1-6)(1-8)(1-9)(1-7)(1-10)HONHOPNClClO环磷酰胺NH2OCH3CRCROO(1-11)(1-12)COOOHOCOOHH2OCH3COOHCH3OC OC OOOOC O C CH3OO C CH3COOOCOOHOO C CH3NSCH3CH3COOHRCNHOOOCH3OOOHCH3CH3OCHOOOH(1-13)(1

4、-14)HClOCH3CH3NO(1-15)(1-16)H2OHClCH3OCH3CH3NNCH3CHCH2CHCH3(CH2)4CHCH(CH2)7COOH(1-17)CH2OH(1-18)(1-20)OHOOHOHC(1-19)H2NCO(CH2)2N(C2H5)2O普鲁卡因(1-22)(1-21)(1-23)(1-24)HClC C CH3HHOH NHCH3OCCH2OHHOHOHOHOCCOHHONH2CCHOOON+H2ONH2H(1-25)(1-26)OO黑色聚合物HOOC CH CH COOHH2OHRCH2HCHRRHHCRRRHCH2 CH3CH CHCH2 HCHCH3H

5、HCH3CCH3H3CHCH2CHOCH2OH(1-30)(1-32)CH2OHHH3CHHCH3CH2OH46(1-31)HOCHCH2NHR2OH 肾上腺素R1OHOR2R3R4OHOHCONH2OOHN(CH3)2四环素(1-35)(1-36)OOOONHNHHOH5C2H5C2NHNHOOCH3NH2NCCNCCH3CH3CNCCNNH2NClCH3NHClNH2NH2(1-38)(1-37)OONNCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2NN(1-40)(1-39)OOClH2NO2SNHCH2COOHCOOHNHCH2H2NO2SClO(1-42)(1-41)(1-43

6、)(1-44)CONHNHCH CH3CH3CONHNH2NNROROHOH重排O酶 GSHMMRRROHOHOHRGSHH2O(1-46)(1-45)CONH2NNH2OONCOHHOCOHC2H5C2H5CCC2H5C2H5CHOO(1-47)(1-48)(1-51)(1-50)OH2NCOOCH2H3C H2NCOOCH2CH2CH2CH3+CH2CHCH3OHCH2CH2CH2OHCCH2NCOOCH2H3C H2NCOOCH2H2NCOOCH2H3C H2NCOOCH2C(1-49)(1-52)(1-53)(1-54)OOHOH2CH3CSO2NHCONHC4H9SO2NHCONHC

7、4H9SO2NHCONHC4H9HOOCO C+HNCNNCHOHHNCOOC2H5COOC2H5CH3N(1-55)(1-56)OOOCHCOHH+OCH5C2ONHCOCH3NHCOCH3HO(1-57)(1-58)(1-59)(1-60)ONNHCH3CH2 S CH2CH2NH C NHCH3NCNNCNNNHCH3CH2 S CH2CH2NH C NHCH3(1-61)(1-62)SClNCH2CH2CH2NCH3CH3CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2NNSClOOCOOHCHOCH2OHO(1-63)(1-64)(1-65)(1-67)(1-66)HCCH2CH2COOHOCCH2C

8、H2COOHOHHCH2COOHONOO+ONONHHNH2R NHNNRRNHNHHN22+CH3CF2OCH3CHCl2CF2OCH3CF3CHBrClCF3CH3(1-68)(1-69)全身麻醉药物(1-70)(1-71)NHCOCH3NHCOCH3OOHHOOHCOOHOHOOSO2OHOCH2CNH2COOHCH3CH3COOHNH2CCH2HOHO(1-72)(1-73)(1-74)(1-75)NCOOHNCONHCH2COOH+(1-77)(1-76)NH2NHCOCH2CH2CHCOOHHSCH2CH CONHCH2COOHCH2 ONO2CH2 ONO2CH ONO2SCH2CH CONHCH2COOHCH2CH2 ONO2 NHCOCH2CH2CHCOOHNH2CH ONO2NH2 CH2 ONO2CH2SCH2CH CONHCH2COOHCH ONO2NH2HOOCCH2CH2CHCOOHH2NCH2COOH(1-78)NHCOCH3CH2 SCH2CHCOOHCH2 ONO2CH ONO2CH3CO+SCH2CHCOOHCH2NH2CH ONO2CH2 ONO2(1-79)(1-80)CONHNHCOCH3NNCONHNH2