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1、专题03动词的非谓语形式“动词的非谓语形式”是动词在中考当中动词相关的重要考点之一。非谓语一共有3种形式:动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和动词todo形式。在2024年的中考中,这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查题目的谓语动词和非谓语动词判断以及非谓语在特殊句式中的运用。重点掌握动词的三种非谓语形式结构和用法。这块的主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、动词适当形式填空、短文填空、书面表达等题型。解答此类试题的关键,是要区分清楚非谓语和主语之间的关系是主动还是被动,或者是存在目的性以及将来发生。在短文填空和书面表达部分也常常考查到非谓语形式的选择,需要考生仔细判断所填空格是否为非谓语动词并且需
2、要用到哪种形式,书面表达考生可以适当运用动词的非谓语形式创造高级的句式,增添句子的可读性。掌握好非谓语的考点对于中考基础题和较难题的拿分非常重要。考生需要在平时做题中进行考点的积累和运用。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)。知识点1:动名词和不定式作主语如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:Toseeistobelieve.=SeeingiSbelieVi
3、ng.眼见为实。动名词作主语的句型。如:Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.做某事无用、没有好处。Itisawasteoftimedoingsth(也可用Itisawasteoftimetodosth)做某事浪费时间。【例题】1) Doyoumind(我抽烟)?2) Itsnouse(和他谈论).3) )(go)abroadisanhonourtome.知识点2:动名词和不定式作宾语1)后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doingsth,beworthdoing,bebusy(in)doing
4、sth,feellikedoingsth,get/beusedtodoingsth,lookforwardtodoingsth,payattentiontodoingsth,devoteoneselftodoingsth等2) to作为介词的短语有:lookforwardto,payattentionto,bedevotedto,leadto,get/beusedto(doing),3) allow,advise,SUggeSt的用法:allow/advisesuggestdoingsth允许、建议做某事allow/advise+sb.todosth允许、建议某人做某事【例题】Icanhard
5、lyimagine(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(2)Thedoctoradvisedhim(stop)smoking.【注意】区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词:1) regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regretdoingsth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)2) meantodo打算,有意要meandoing意味着3) canthelp(to)dosth.不能帮助做某事canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事【例题】 Iregret(tell)youthatthemeeting
6、hasbeencancelled. Ididn,tmean(hurt)yourfeeling.(3) msobusythatIcanthelp(clean)thehousewithyou.知识点3:不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别不定式作表语,一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。如果主语是以hope,plan,PUrPOSe,wish等为中心的名词,用不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。MyplanistovisitShanghaithisSunday.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.【例题】 Thepurposeis(help)t
7、helocalpeopleimprovetheirlivingconditions. Mydreamis(become)agoodsinger.知识点4:分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别使役动词have,make的用法:使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语;make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。【例题】 Ioftenhearhim(sing)thesong.Iheardhim(sing)thesongwhenIpassedby. Ihadhim(repair)myNke.Ihadmybike(repair). Hisletterleft
8、me(feel)prettybad.Heleftthework(finish).知识点5:分词和动词不定式作状语的区别动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的,还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable,difficult,easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。【例题】 Hedidallhecould(help)peopleinneed.(wait)forabusImetafriendofmine.(3)Theproblemisdifficult(solve).知识点6:不定式和分词作定语的区别不定式作定语,表示将来;现在分词作定语,表示正在发生或主动
9、;过去分词作定语,表示过去或被动。Hehasalotofhomeworktofinish.HeboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.【例题】Themeeting(hold)tomorrowisimportant.Themeeting(hold)nowisimportant.(3)Themeeting(hold)yesterdaywasimportant.重难通关练一、单项选择题1. (2023江苏南通中考真题)12.healthy,we,vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsand
10、usingpublicchopsticks.A.KeepingB.KeepC.TokeepD.Tokeeping2. (20234工苏宿迁*考真题)7.OurschoolwillinviteMr.Wangusatalkonenvironmentalprotectionnextweek.一Thatswonderful!A.giveB.togiveC.givingD.gave3. (2023江苏镇江中考真题)7.Travellerscan,twaittheirnewtoursinthecomingholiday.A.tostartB.startingC.startedD.start4. (2023
11、江苏扬州中考真题)6.Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhavepreparedtheSTEAMClub.A.joinBJoiningC.tojoinD.tojoining5. (2022江苏宿迁中考真题)8.MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?Certainly.IadviseyouadiaryinEnglisheveryday.A.tokeepB.keepingC.keptD.keep6. (2022江苏镇江中考真题)8.Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientistatalko
12、nWorldEarthDay.A.givingB.togiveC.giveD.given7. (2022江苏扬州中考真题)11.thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A.ReachB.ToreachC.ReachingD.Toreaching8. (2022江苏南通中考真题)8.Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleepfit.A.keepingB.tokeepC.keepD.kept二、单词填空题1. (2023江苏泰州中考真题)TsinghuaUniversitywi
13、llaskthestudents61(learn)swimmingandwillorganizeaswimmingtestforallnewstudentsinSeptember.2. (2023江苏无锡中考真题)46.Thefiremenhadnochoicebut(break)thewindow.3. (2022江苏泰州中考真题)65.Ourcountryhasmadelaws(protect)biodiversily(生物多样性)oftheYangtzeRiver.4. (2022江苏无锡中考真题)49.Remembertowashhandsoftenandbesure(wear)mas
14、kscorrectly.5. (2023江苏镇江中考真题)41.Don,tgiveup(尝试).Fmsureyouwillsucceed.6. (2023江苏扬州中考真题)48.Itseemsthatfamiliesaremoreandmoretimetogether,(spend)7. (2022江苏常州中考真题)Iwasimpressedthattheyhadrisked47(lose)theirlivestocreateanewChina.8. (2022江苏无锡中考真题)47.Lily,1havedifficulty(read)comicstripsinEnglish.Dontworr
15、y.Letsreadsometogether.9. (2022江苏镇江中考真题)45.Sorry,hamburgersinourshophavebeensoldout.Doyoumind(取消)yourorder?10. (2023江苏宿迁中考真题)Atthattime,hisdreamwastogotocollegeandfindajob63(support)hisfamily.11. (2022江苏泰州中考真题)67.GuAilinghasagiftfor(ski)andwonhighpraiseinBeijing2022OlympicWinterGames.三、翻译句子1. (2022江苏连云港中考真题)74.(为了保护)students,eyesight,Chinesegovernmenthastakenactioninrecentyears.2. (2022江苏南通中考真题)63.TheysellalotofthingsinOxfamshopstohelppeopleinneed.(改为被动语态)AlotofthingsinOx