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1、100%施用的肥料养分分植物从肥料中吸收的养)肥料利用率(ffpfSaNaNN)(100100)(%)fpfSfaaNNNNdff2.2.植物植物N N素来自土壤的百分数素来自土壤的百分数(非固氮植物非固氮植物)100(%)fpdffaaN(%)100(%)dffdfSNN100(%)(%)施氮量量全dffNNNR图.减缓N肥损失的措施:A.硝化抑制剂;B.脲酶抑制剂,减缓尿酸分解为铵的过程;C.肥料控释剂。%3037.037.137.067.000aaaaaaNdfffpfp%70%30%100%100NdffNdfsffffffffffpmnnmnnaAPWMmnnMPWMaAMR样样样样
2、样/)()/(mgdpmASplant/25025.0/250.mgdpmASfertil/1250105.0/6250.%20%1001250250Pdff%5402%54021020102)101106250250(105)()/(663311ffffffpPWMmnnMPWMaAMR样 肥料养分植物中来自肥料的养分供给的养分总量植物中养分总量土壤有效养分植物中来自土壤的养分施肥量植物中来自肥料的养分植物中来自土壤的养分值A施肥量植物总养分植物中来自肥料的养分植物总养分植物中来自土壤的养分/kg/ha)(施肥量dffdfsNNmgWPdffPdfsAf160%2040%80%2500.12
3、5.0NdffAmg%7580%251NFNFNdfsNdff1FFFNdfaNdfsNdffFFNFNFNdfsNdffNdfsNdffNFNFFFNdffNdfsNdffNdfs或NFNFNdffNdfs1)11(NFFFNdffNdffNdfsFFFNdfsNdffNdfa 1)11(1NFFFNdffNdffNdffNFFNdffNdff 1100)1(%)1515的原子百分超非固氮植物样品中的原子百分超固氮植物样品中NNNdfaF%9.43%100)251.1702.01(%)FNdfaFFNFNFNdfsNdffnNdfsNdff)1()1(nNdffNdffnNdffNdfaFN
4、FF%6.76)13(014.0)164.131()1()1(nNdffNdffnNdffNdfaFNFF营养砂培法测得。该值可用无为,其全的以空气为唯一源时定。设的变化可进行固氮测作物下降,因此根据固定空气使其因(为零)。固氮作物空气的明显高于的研究表明,土壤总N,Nfix的百分数。固定空气可求得其由测定固氮作物的同时存在时,代替。当空气和土壤的可由非固氮参比作物其源时,唯一又设,当仅以土壤为N,NNnobref100%)1(15151515151515fixrefnodrefdfareffixnodNNNNfNNfNfN)((%)dfadfaNNN全%054.1.6%307.0.5%243
5、.0.4%225.0.3%247.0.2%069.0.1)(15)(15)(15)(15)(15)(15nodulefixrootfixgrainfixleafstemfixpartabovefixplantwholefixNNNNNN)/()(/)()(iiiiiiiiiiBCBCGGBCGBCG)kgBq(-1iC溯源41赵墨田等,同位素稀释质谱在化学计量学中的应用.质谱学报,1998,12(2):16-20)1()(iyxiyixMNNTNSN)2()(kyxkykxMNNTNSN)3(ikkykxiyixMTNSNTNSN)4()(kykxikiyixTNSNMTNSN)5()()(i
6、ikkykikixTMTNSMSN)6()()(IkikKyikikkxTMTNMSSN)7()()(ikikkyyikikkxxTMTMWMSSMW)8()()(11yniyiiknixiikikikikikxWMTMSSMMTWM1VRRACACLLNNNLLNLLNNCACACA/CARRserSlabllhlslhserSlabSsersM)PMWRRRRWWMPMWMMC()()()(血糖浓度5610mmoLL10 mmolL以上测定方法HKGOD-PODGCIDMSHKGOD-PODGCIDMS相对偏差(%)19.2719.201.6527.3124.192.24,100(%)1(
7、13131313131313ncnpncpCCCCRCRCRCmifiiffshCWWWCWCC13131313)()(33133133133131057.010)19.21(96.098.1)96.062.13()98.181.17(1019.21,108.17,98.1,106.13,96.0shcffiiCCCgWCgW%33.3810092.1819.2192.1879.19100(%)1079.1910)57.0(96.036.2)96.062.13()36.262.17()()(1062.17,36.2,1062.13,96.01019.21;1092.18131313133313
8、131313313313313313ncnpshifiiffpffiicnCCCCRCWWWCWCCCgWCgWCC,313101shC%8.2510008.1719.2108.1714.18100(%)1014.1810 114.171313131333131313ncnpshgpCCCCRCCC),食入(),内源(),(排泄(),食入(真消化率),食入(),排泄(),食入(表观消化率AANAANAANAANAANAANAAN2/2)11()6(2)6()1()(hEhEhEhEdEplplplplpl)();();();(式中,)()(真消化率)排泄率(内源原子百分超。)的(分别为食糜和血
9、浆中总和式中,来自内源的比率)排泄率(内源)。)(摄入的);)含量(食糜中的式中,)()()表观消化率(的浓度。)分别为日粮和食糜中(和摄入的干重基日粮;式中,)()(回肠干物质流,dgNdkgDMkgDMgENRkgDMgNNDMENRNRDAANDFNkgDMgENRAANNAANEEEEDFAANdgAANNkgDMgAANNNDMNADAANOCrkgDMmgOCrOCrDMIOCrOCrdkgDMIdkgDMakeflowingestaakeflowingestaNdigestapldigestapldigestaakedigestaakeflowdigestaNdigestatdi
10、etdigestatdietflow/1100%)()/(/1100%/intint15108intint23232323213的强度。是测得的轻和重同位素和率,是被测同位素的比量为样品的质),尔原子质量;为元素的摩(浓度为()为在提取液中添加液体积浓度为设土壤元素可交换态的iotopeheavy iotopelight sample1-solution spikespike1inter)(o()mL atoms,V),(Cg)0)0heavysamplesampleinterheavyspikesolution spikespikeisotopeheavy lightsamplesample
11、interlightspikesolution spikespikeisotopelight(AAisotopeheavy isotopelight heavysample2heavyspikelightsample2lightspike)()Rlightsampleheavysampleheavyspikelightspike()()R0lightsampleheavysampleheavyspikelightspikesolution spikespike6sampleinter(6lightsampleheavysamplesampleheavyspikelightspikesoluti
12、on spikespikeinter0)()R()sampleheavysamplespikeheavyspikeisotopeheavy samplelightsamplespikelightspikeisotopelight(heavysampleheavyspikelightsamplelightspikeheavy heavyspikelight lightspikesample)(heavyspikelightsampleheavysamplelightspikeheavyspikeisotopelight lightspikeisotopeheavy sampleinterC6sampleextractsampleextr10 AOHOO,HAH,OH,HOH223332DD,L)/gD1000DHOHHOOH3232(,有机溶剂有机溶剂 煤油煤油 纯纯TBP 甲苯甲苯 二甲苯二甲苯 正丁醇正丁醇溶解度/gL-1 0.1 63 3.5 0.2 280