重难题型方法解读.docx

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1、重难题型方法解读题型（一）阅读理解题型点拨阅读理解篇章的文体有:应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文。阅读理解选用的题材主要为:人与自然、人与社会、人与自我。考查英语学科的核心素养:语言能力、学习能力、文化意识、思维品质。阅读理解的设题主要分为:细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨归纳题等。解题指导一、细节理解题用what,which,who,whom,whose,how,why,when,where,howlong,howmany等Wh-questions询问文本的具体内容,如事实、例证、原因、过程等就是细节理解题。常见的题干形式有：1 .HowZWhenZWhydid.happen?2 .W

2、hichoflhefollowingisTRUE?3 .Accordingtothepassage,howmany.arementioned?4 .What/Who/WhenAVhere/Why/How？（特殊疑问句类型）5 .AllthestatementsaretrueEXCEPT.6 .WhichistherightorderOf?（排序题类型）7 .Theauthorgivestheexampleinthe.paragraphinOrdertO（例证题类型）8 .the+形容词最高级;.theOnly（判断修饰限定的细节题类型）解题技巧1 .审题:读懂题干,找准题干或选项中的关键词（数

3、字、大小写、人名、地名等）；2 .阅读全文,利用信息定位,并运用略读策略（快速阅读,抓住文章的大概意思）与查读策略（带着问题,快速扫视文章来寻找答案）,确定该细节在文中的相关出处；3 .对照题干要求,细节比对排除或者选择；注意事项干扰项往往就是一模一样的词汇或文中出现的句子,但整体语义可能是无中生有、正误并存、扩大或缩小范围、以偏概全、偷换概念、答非所问等。而正确选项往往是通过语义转换、同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实的方法复述出来,而不是照搬原文！4 .确定答案,并验证答案。【技巧1】跳读查找Whentheywerekids,Dereckwasquietandhealthy,andhewasgo

4、odatmathandscience.Beverlyhadatwinbrother.Atthattime,herbrotherandsheoftengottheirmotherintotrouble!Beverlywasadancer,anathlete,playedthepiano（notverywell）,andwasaclassleader.Herfavoritesubjectwasscienceandshealwaysgotexcellentgradesinherscienceexams.Q:Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanknowthatwhentheywer

5、ekids,.A.DereckwasoutgoingB.BeverlywasquietandhealthyC.BeverlycouldplaythepianoverywellD.DereckandBeverlywerebothgoodatscience解析D细节理解题。根据Whentheywerekids,Dereckwasquietandhealthy,andhewasgoodatmathandSCienCe.以及“Herfavoritesubjectwasscienceandshealwaysgotexcellentgradesinherscienceexams/5可知,Dereck和Be

6、VeIiy都擅长科学。故选D。【技巧2】简单计算Packingitproperly.Onlyputinthepackwhatisneededforthatday.Itsagoodideatoknowwhateachobjectweighs.Thetotalweightofthefilledpackshouldbenomorethan10to15percentofthewearersownbodyweight.Packtheheaviestobjectsclosetothebody,andplacelittleonesoutside,awayfromtheback.Q:Ifaboyweighs4

7、0kg,howheavyshouldhisfilledbackpackbeatmost?A.About4kg.B.About6kg.C.About10kg.D.About15kg.解析B数字计算题。根据“Thetotalweightofthefilledpackshouldbenomorethan10to15percentofthewearer,sownbodyWeighL”可知,填充包的总重量不应超过背包人自身体重的10%至15%。如果一个人的体重是40千克,那么他的背包的总重量最多是6千克。故选B。【技巧3】排除法Mr.Brownwasborninapoorfamily.Hecouldn,

8、tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoung.Nowhe,saporterandworksatastation.Hedoesn,tthinkit,snecessarytoknowsomeknowledgeofscience.Hisson,Bill,begantogotoschoollastyear.Theboylikesnothingexceptplaying.Hedoesn,tlistentotheteachersinclassandcan,tdohishomeworkafterclass.Ifsthehardestthingforhimtodomathexercises.Andhew

9、antstodropit.QzWhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Mr.Brownwasgoingtobeaporterwhenhewasyoung.B.Mr.Brownsparentsweretoopoortosendhimtoschool.C.Mr.Brownwasntinterestedinsciencewhenhewasyoung.D.TherewasnoschoolinMr.Brownshometown.解析B首先要知道题目让我们选择的是正确的一项。Mr.Brown现在是一名行李搬运工,而不是小时候打算当一名行李搬运工,A项错误;Mr.Brown现在认为没有必要了

10、解一些科学知识,C项错误;根据前两句可知,Mr.Brown小时候因为家里穷没有上学,而不是他的家乡没有学校,D项错误。细节干扰项特征：(1)是原文信息,但不是题目所要求的信息；(2)符合常识,但不是文章内容；(3)与原文内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动(通常如有过于绝对化的词,不要选)；(4)部分正确,部分错误；(5)张冠李戴。例题Thechildrensanswersweregenerallygrowthofmoralunderstandinginearlychildhood.Moreofthefour-to-five-year-oldsthoughtthechildinthestoryw

11、ouldfeelbetterkeepingthestolencandy,lyingandgettingunpunished.Theyimaginedtheparentinthestorywouldbeangrywiththechildwhoconfessed.However,theseven-to-nine-year-oldsweremoreIikeIy(可能的)tothinkthechildwouldfeelbetterconfessingthecrime.Q:WhatdidSmithandhisworkmatesfindintheirstudy?A.Olderkidsaremorelike

12、lythanyoungerchildrentoconfesstoabadact.B.Youngerchildrenaremorelikelythanolderkidstoconfesstoabadact.C.Thefbur-to-five-year-oldswouldfeelbetterconfessingthecrime.D.Theseven-lo-nine-year-oldsthoughtparentswouldbeangrywiththeirconfessions.解析A本题带了一点的推理在里面,不能直接找到答案,需要转换一下思路。根据第二、三句可知D项错误,应该是45岁的孩子认为承认错

13、误会使父母生气;根据最后一句可知B项和C项错误,A项正确。本题很好地体现了部分正确和部分错误以及张冠李戴这种现象,做题时要注意发出动作的主语是谁。二、词义猜测题能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义,是中考英语对阅读理解能力进行考查的主要方式,是必考题型。这种题型主要考查对文中关键词语,如实词、短语、代词等的推断。所考查的单词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要根据语境来判断。常用的设题方式有:LTheWordrefersto.2 .Theunderlinedword/phraseinthepassagemeans.3 .Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase.pr

14、obablymean?4 .Thewordit/theminPara.I/thefirstparagraphrefersto.解题技巧【技巧1】根据定义或解释说明猜词义利用定义或者释义关系猜测词义,即根据上下文,借助定语(从句)、表语、用逗号、破折号等引出的内容对生词的词义加以猜测。常见的标志性词汇有:be,mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,thatis,or,inotherwords等。例题2021长沙Hn2009,Americanfilmmakersproducedadocumentary（纪录片）calledBigRiverMan.Andthebook,Th

15、eManWhoSwaintheAmazon,hasbeensoldinmanycountries.Ittellsusaninspirationalstoryofperseveranceandhardwork,whichhasencouragedmanypeople.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedwordttinspirationa,meaninParagraphFive?A.鼓舞人心的B.心灰意冷的C.栩栩如生的解析A根据画线词后的定语从句“whichhasencouragedmanypeople”可知,这个故事鼓舞了很多人,故inspirational有鼓舞人心”之意。【技巧2】根据构词法推测词义阅读文章时,可以运用构词法猜测生词的意思,其包括合成法（kind-hearted好心的）、转化法（face”.脸一face匕面对）和派生法。用派生法时,要注意分析生词结构,找出词缀和词干，然后再根据词根、前缀、后缀等的含义,猜测词义。常见的前缀有un-,dis-,im-,in-,non-,re-;常见后的缀有-ful,-ing,-able,-or/er,-tion,-ist,bility,-ment等。例题Whyisitthatthemoreconnectedweget,themoredisconnectedIfeel?Developmentincommu