居里夫人简介英文版.docx

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1、MarieCurieFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaForotheruses,SeeMarieCLlrie(disambiguation).MarieCurieMarieSkiodowskaCUriaa1920BomMariaSaloeaSklodowska7November1867Warsaw,KingdolnOfPoland,thenpartofRUSSianElnPireDied4July1934(aged66)PaSSyHaul-Sa-Oie.FranceCauseofdeathRDlaSliCHnCnliaCitizenshipPoland(bybi

2、rth)France(bycarriage)ReligionNoneSpouse(s)PierreCUrie(1859-1906)m.1895ChildrenIrtneJoliot-Curie(1897-1956)fcveCurie(1904-2007)ScientificcareerFieldsPhysics,CheIniSlryInstitutimsUniverSiiyOfPariSAlaaBaterUniversityofParisESPaDoctoraladvisorGabriCILiDpfflannRndrC-LouisDUbisnUDoctoral-scarMorRnOstuden

3、tsMargueriteCatherinePercyKnownforRadioaCliVityPoloniumRadiuNotableawardsNobelPrizeinPhysics(1903)DaVyMedal(1903)MatteUCCiMedal(1904)EIliCItCrOSSonMedHl(1909)AIbOrlNodnl(1910)XQboIPriZeinCheIniSlry(1911)RiUardGibbSAUard(1921)SignatureNotesSheistheonlypersontovinaYObelPriZeintwodifferentsciences.Mari

4、eSktOdOWSkaCuriekiuri,kiuri:WFrenCh：kvBi;7November1867-4July1934)wasaPolishandnaturalizedFrenchDhvsicistardchemistwhoconductedpioneeringresearchQnradioactivitv.ShewasthefirstWomantoWinaNObelPrize,thefirstpersonandonlywomantowintwice,theonlypersontowintwiceinmultiplesciences,andwaspartoftheCuriefamil

5、ylegacyOffiVeNobelPrizes.ShewasalsothefirstwomantobecomeaprofessoratthellniversityOfParis,andin1995becamethefirstwomantobeentombedonherownmeritsinthePantheoninParis.ShewasborMariaSalomeaSktOdOWSka(DrOnOUnCedmariiasal5meaSkWJdOfSkal)inWarsaw,inwhatwasthentheKindomOfPoland,partoftheRussianEmoire.Shest

6、udiedatWarsawsClandeStineFlOatinQUniVerSitVandbeganherpracticalscientifictraininginWarsaw.In1891,aged24,shefollowedheroldersisterBronislawatostudyinParis,wheresheearnedherhigherdegreesandconductedhersubsequentscientificwork.Shesharedthe1903NobelPriZeinPhVSiCSWithherhusbadPierreCurieandwithDhVSiCiStH

7、enriBeCClIlereLShewonthe1911NobelPriZeinChemistry.HerachievementsincludedatheoryOtradioaCtiVity(atermthatshecoined),techniquesforisolatingradioactiveisotopes,andthediscoveryoftwoelements,Doloniumandradium.Underherdirection,theworldsfirststudieswereconductedintothetreatmentofneoplasms,usingradioactiv

8、eisotopes.ShefoundedtheCurinInsUtutesinPariSandinWarsaw,whichremainmajorcentresofmedicalresearchtoday.DuringWorIdWaiJ,sheestablishedthefirstmilitaryfieldradiologicalcentres.WhileaFrenchcitizen,MarieSklodowskaCurie(sheusedbothsurnames)三neverlosthersenseQfPoIishidentity.ShetaughtherdaughtersthePolishI

9、anqlJaqeandtookthemonvisitstoPOland.凰Shenamedthefirstchemicalelementthatshediscovered-polonium,whichsheisolatedin1898-afterhernativeCOUntry.Curiediedin1934atthesanatoriumofSancellemoz(Haute-Savoie),France,duetoaplasticaemiabrouqhtonbyexposuretoradiation-includingcarryingtesttubesofradiuminherpockets

10、duringresearchandherserviceduriqWorldWarIinmobilX-ravunitscreatedbyher3Contentshide1Biographyo1.1Earlyyearso1.2NewlifeinPariso1.3Newelementso1.4NobelPrizeso1.5WorldWarIo1.6Postwaryearso1.7Death 2Legacy 3Awards,honours,andtributes 4Seealso 5Notes 6References 7Furtherreadingo7.1Nonfictiono7.2Fiction 8

11、ExternallinksBiographyEarlyyearsBirthplaceOnuIiCaFretamWarsaws-NewTown,-nowhometoIheMariaSkkxloWSka-CUrieMUSeUmMariaSklodowskawasborninWarsaw,intheRussianDartitiOnofPoland,on7November1867,asthefifthandyoungestchildofwell-knownteachersBronislawa1neeBoguska,andWladyslawSklodowski.Mariasoldersiblingswe

12、reZofia(born1862),J6zef(1863),Bronistawad865)andHelena(1866).12WtadyslawSklodowskiwithdaughterSarom-aria.BroniStaWa,Helena,1890Onboththepaternalandmaternalsides,thefamilyhadlosttheirpropertyandfortunesthroughpatrioticinvolvementsinPolishnationaluprisingsaimedatrestoringPolandsindependence(themostrec

13、enthadbeentheJanuaryUDriSingOf1863-65).三Thiscondemnedthesubsequentgeneration,includingMaria,hereldersistersandherbrother,toadifficultstruggletogetaheadinlife.三Mariaspaternalgrandfather,J6zefSklodowski,hadbeenarespectedteacherinLublin,wherehetaughttheyouqBolesawPrus,mjwhowouldbecomealeadingfigureinPo

14、lishliterature.Herfather,WladystawSklodowski,taughtmathematicsandphysics,subjectsthatMariawastopursue,andwasalsodirectoroftwoWarsawayznnaszaforboys.倒AfterRussianauthoritieseliminatedlaboratoryinstructionfromthePolishschools,hebroughtmuchofthelaboratoryequipmenthome,andinstructedhischildreninitsuse.倒

15、ThefatherwaseventuallyfiredbyhisRussiansupervisorsforpro-Polishsentiments,andforcedtotakelower-payingposts;thefamilyalsolostmoneyonabadinvestment,andeventuallychosetosupplementtheirincomebylodgingboysinthehouse.MariasmotherBronislawaoperatedaprestigiousWarsawboardingschoolforgirls;sheresignedfromthepositionafterMariawasborn.但ShediedOftuberculosisinMay1878,whenMariawastenyearsOld.用LeSSthanthreeyearsearlier,Mariasoldestsibling,Zofia,haddiedQftyDhuscontractedfromaboarder.Mariasfatherwasanatheist;hermotheradevoutCatholiCaThedeathsofMariasmotherandsister