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1、美国总统6约翰昆西亚当斯JohnQuincyAdams:GreatDiplomat,PoorPoliticianVOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutJohnQuincyAdams.Doeshisnamesoundfamiliar?JohnQuincyAdams,thesixthpresident,wasthesonofJohnAdams,thesecondpresident.JohnQuincyAdamsportraitbyGilbertStuart.QuincyAdamswaspresident
2、from1825-1829.1.ikehisfather,QuincyAdamshadasharpmindandadifficultpersonality.And,likehisfather,QuincyAdamsservedonlyonefour-yearterminoffice.ButQuincyAdamswentontohavemanysuccessfulyearsworkinginadifferentjob.Heistheonlyformerpresident(sofar)toserveintheHouseofRepresentatives.GreatexpectationsThepa
3、rentsofJohnQuincyAdams,JohnandAbigail,werestrongpatriots.TheirswasoneofthefoundingfamiliesofAmerica.AbigailAdamsespeciallyraisedhersontoservehiscountry.Sheexpectedhimtobecomepresident.Shetoldhimthat,withhisgoodeducationandtraining,ifhedidnotserveinahighpublicofficeitwouldbehisownfault.QuincyAdamsdid
4、notdisappointhismother.Asachild,helearnedtospeakatleastfourlanguagesandreadGreekandLatin.HealsostudiedShakespearezSplays.Atage10,hetraveledwithhisfathertoEurope.Asayoungman,heworkedalongsideJohnAdamsinAmericandiplomaticofficesinParis,AmsterdamandSt.Petersburg.Finally,QuincyAdamsreturnedtohishomeinBo
5、stonintimetograduatefromHarvard.Hewasworkingasalawyerbytheageof23.StoriesconfirmthatQuincyAdamswasabrilliantboyandyoungman.Butherarelycompromisedhisideas.Hisinabilitytoworkwithotherlawmakersandtoconsiderpublicopinionwerepartlytoblameforhisdifficultpresidency.Poorpolitician.ExcellentdiplomatQuincyAda
6、msmayhavebeenapoorpolitidanzbuthewasanexcellentdiplomat.Intheearlypartofhiscareer,heservedastheAmericanambassadortotheNetherlands,Germany,RussiaandBritain.HehelpedleadthenegotiationsthatendedtheWarof1812.AndheservedforeightyearsassecretaryofstateunderJamesMonroe.Someofthatpresidentsaccomplishmentsow
7、ealottoQuincyAdams.HehelpednegotiatethepurchaseofFloridafromSpain.And,hewasofthepeopleresponsiblefortheMonroeDoctrine.ItwarnedEuropenottointerfereintheWesternHemisphere.ButQuincyAdamscouldbeimpatient,especiallywithlawmakers.Manyofthem,hebelieved,didnotcaremuchaboutthecountryandwantedtohelponlythemse
8、lves.QuincyAdamsalsoavoidedpoliticalbattles.Assecretaryofstate,heappointedpeoplewhomhethoughtwerecapable,eveniftheydidnotsupporthispoliticalparty.Similarly,whenhebecamepresident,hetriedtobringpoliticalopponentsalongwithrepresentativesofdifferentpartsofthecountrytogetherinhiscabinet.Hisopponents,howe
9、ver,refusedtoserve.And,althoughhiscabinetincludedsoutherners,hedidnotreallyhavethesupportoftheSouth.PresidencyYetQuincyAdamstalkedaboutunityinhispresidentialinauguralspeech.AdamssaidtheConstitutionandtherepresentativedemocracyoftheUnitedStateshadprovedasuccess.Thenationwasfreeandstrongandstretchedac
10、rossthecontinent,fromtheAtlanticOceantothePacific.Henotedthatpoliticaldivisionshadeased.Sonow,hesaid,itwastimeforthepeopletosettletheirdifferencesandmakeatrulynationalgovernment.InhisfirstmessagetoCongress,PresidentAdamsdescribedhisideas.Thechiefpurposeofthegovernment,hesaid,wastoimprovethelivesofth
11、epeopleitgoverned.Todothis,heofferedanationalprogramofbuildingroadsandcanals.Healsoproposedanationaluniversityandanationalscientificcenter.AdamssaidCongressshouldnotbelimitedtomakinglawsonlytoimprovethenationseconomiclife.Hesaiditshouldmakelawstoimprovetheartsandsciences,too.ButmanypeopleoftheWestan
12、dSouthdidnotbelievethattheConstitutiongavethefederalgovernmentthepowertodoallthesethings.Theybelievedthesepowersbelongedtothestates.TheirrepresentativesinCongressrejectedthepresidentsproposals.Inaddition,anewoppositionpartywastryingtoweakensupportforQuincyAdams.TheysupportedageneralfromTennesseename
13、dAndrewJackson.HistorianHarlowGilesUngersaysJohnQuincyAdamswasneverabletomeetthehighexpectationsmanypeoplehadforhim.Hispresidencywasacompletefailure/7UngertoldVOA.Hewasabletoaccomplishnothing/Retirement.sortofQuincyAdamslostthepresidentialelectionof1828inalandslide.Herefusedtoattendtheinaugurationof
14、AndrewJackson.HereturnedtohishomeinQuincy,Massachusettsdepressedandworriedaboutthecountry.Hiswife,LouisaCatherineJohnsonAdamszbelievedtheywerereturningtoMassachusettstostay.ShewasanAmerican,butwasborninEngland.HermotherwasBritish.Shewaszatthetime,thefirstforeign-bornfirstlady.JohnandLouisahadfourchi
15、ldren,buttheironlydaughterhaddiedasababy.TheirsonsweregrownbythetimeQuincyAdamsretiredfromthepresidency.Soonhebecamerestless.SomeneighborsaskedifQuincyAdamswouldconsiderrepresentingthedistrictasamemberoftheU.S.Congress.Heagreed-butonlyifvoterswouldlethimactashebelievedwasright,insteadofaswhatwouldbe
16、politicallypopular.Apparentlytheyagreed,too,becausevoterselectedQuincyAdamstotheHouseofRepresentativesninetimes.InCongress,QuincyAdamsoftenfoughtforcitizen,sindividualliberty.Hestronglyopposedslavery.Hisideaswerenotwidelypopularatthetime,especiallyamongotherlawmakers.TheyhadcreatedarulethatsaidCongresswouldnotevenconsideranymeasuresagainstslavery.YetQuincyAdamsdefendedtherightsofenslavedpeo
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