美国名人 建筑师 路易·康.docx

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1、美国名人建筑师路易康1.ouisKhanHelpedDefineModernArchitectureplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:44repeatByDanaDemange2005-8-20VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Tday,wetellaboutLouisKahn.HeisconsideredoneofthemostimportantAmericanbuildingdesignersofthetwent

2、iethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.ouisKahnhelpeddefinemodernarchitecture.Architectureistheartandscienceofdesigningandbuildingstructuressuchashouses,museums,andofficebuildings.Kahnsarchitecturehasseveraldefiningqualities.Forexample,Kahnwasveryinterestedinthelookandfeelofthematerialsheused.Heusedbrickandc

3、oncreteinnewandspecialways.Kahnalsopaidcarefulattentiontotheuseofsunlight.Helikednaturallighttoenterhisbuildingsthroughinterestingkindsofwindowsandopenings.Kahnsworkcanalsobeidentifiedbyhiscreativeuseofgeometricshapes.Manyofhisbuildingsusesquares,circlesandthreesidedshapescalledtriangles.VOICETWO:1.

4、ouisKahnwasborninEstoniainnineteen-oh-one.WhenhewasfiveyearsoldhisfamilymovedtoPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.Evenasachild,LouisKahnshowedexcellenceasanartist.Whenhewasinschoolhispictureswonseveralcompetitionsorganizedbythecity.Inhighschool,Kahnstudiedarchitecturebriefly.HelaterwenttotheUniversityofPenns

5、ylvaniaandstudiedarchitecturefulltime.Hegraduatedinnineteentwenty-four.1.ouisKahnsbuildingshavemanyinfluences.SomeexpertssayhistriptoRome,Italyinnineteenfifty-oneinfluencedhimthemost.KahnspentafewmonthsasanarchitectwiththeAmericanAcademyinRome.HealsotraveledthroughotherpartsofItaly,GreeceandEgypt.Th

6、ere,hesawtheancientGreekandRomanruinsthatalsowouldinfluencehisworks.Hewasveryaffectedbythesizeanddesignoftheseruins.Theyhelpedinfluencehimtodevelopanarchitecturethatcombinesbothmodernandancientdesigns.OtherexpertsbelieveKahnwasalsoinfluencedbythepartofPhiladelphiawherehegrewup.Thereweremanyfactorybu

7、ildingswithlargewindows.Thesebrickstructureswereverysolid.ThisindustrialdesignisapparentinseveralofKahnsearlyworks.VOICEONE:KahnsfirstprojectsinvolvedbuildinghousinginPhiladelphia.HelaterreceivedgovernmentjobstodesignhousingduringWorldWarTwo.Innineteenforty-two,hebecameaheadarchitectofthePublicBuild

8、ingAdministration.KahnsfirstimportantprojectwastheYaleArtGalleryinNewHaven,Connecticutintheearlynineteenfifties.Theoutsideofthebuildingisverysimple.Thesurfaceismadeofbrickandlimestone.TheinsideofthegalleryshowsKahnsgreatartisticsense.Forexample,hecreatedatriangle-shapedwalkwayofstepsthatsitsinsidear

9、oundedconcreteshell.Thisbuildingwasverypopular.ItscompletionrepresentedanimportantstepinKahnsprofessionallife.Hewasnowafamousarchitect.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneofKahnsotherimportantbuildingsistheSalkInstitute,aresearchcenterinLaJollazCalifornia.Itwasbuiltinthenineteensixties.ThisstructurefurthershowshowKa

10、hnwasabletouniteformandfunction.Thismeanshisbuildingswerebeautifulandalsouseful.TheSalkInstitutehastwostructuresthatsurroundamarblegardenareaorcourtyard.Thisoutdoormarbleareaisalmostcompletelybare.TheonlydetailisasmallstreamofwaterrunningthroughthemiddleofthesquaretowardsthePacificOcean.Thissimplede

11、signisverystriking.Insidethebuildingaremanyroomsforlaboratories.Kahnwasverycarefultomakesuretheyallreceivednaturallightandaviewoftheocean.Helinkedtheindoorandoutdoorspacesinaverybeautifulway.VOICEONE:TheKimbellArtMuseuminFortWorth,TexasisanotherfamousbuildingbyLouisKahn.Somesayitishisbest.Kahnbuiltt

12、hismuseumintheearlynineteenseventies.Thislargemuseumhaslongroomswithcurvedorvaultedceilings.Inside,allofthewallscanbemovedtobestfittheartcollection.Kahnwasabletomaketheconcretematerialofthebuildinglookbothsolidandairy.Heusedsunlightandbodiesofwatertocreateatrulyspecialbuilding.Kahnoncesaidthisaboutt

13、heKimbellArtMuseum:Thebuildingfeels.thatIhadnothingtodowithit.thatsomeotherhanddidit.Thearchitectseemstosaythathewashelpedbysomehigherinfluence.Manypeoplefeelthathisarchitecturehasaveryspiritualandtimelessquality.Kahnmostlycreatedpublicbuildingssuchasmuseumsandlibraries.However,healsodesignedafewhou

14、ses.HismostfamoushomeistheFisherhousenearPhiladelphia.Itismadeofseveralbox-shapedbuildings.Thehouseismadeoutofglass,woodandstone.Manywindowsprovideaviewofthenearbytrees.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:1.ouisKahnalsodesignedbuildingsinothercountries,includingIndiaandBangladesh.Hislargestprojectwasaseriesofbuildingst

15、hatwouldbecomethegovernmentcenterofDhakazBangladesh.Thisstructureincludestheparliament,meetingrooms,offices,eatingplacesandevenareligiouscenter.Thisseriesofbuildingslookslikeanancienthomeforkings.Hugeroundedandbox-likebuildingshavewindowsintheshapeofcirclesandtriangles.Thestructureissurroundedbywate

16、r.Fromadistance,itappearstofloatonalake.Khanspentthelasttwelveyearsofhislifeontheproject.Itwascompletedinnineteeneighty-three,nineyearsafterhisdeath.BecauseofKahn,expertsSayfoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworldhasoneofthemostbeautifulpublicbuildingsonEarth.AllofKahnsbuildingsshareacommonsolidityandheaviness.ExpertssaytheyareverydifferentfromtheworksofOtherfamousarchitectsoftheperiod.Thesearchitectspreferredligh