2024剑桥雅思讲义Summary_Completion.docx

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1、ZQ国田IELTSADVANTAGESummaryCompletionPaSSaRe2ThepotentialofvideogamesasapedagogicaltoolBrandonK.AshinoffWhenIwassevenyearsold,myparentsboughtmeandmybrotheraNintendoEntertainmentSystem,whichtheywouldeventuallyrefertoas“TheIdiotBox.Therewasanimplicitassumption(onethatpersistsamongmuchofthegeneralpublict

2、oday)thatvideogamesweresimplyatoyandnothingofrealsubstancecouldbegainedfromthem.Consideringthiszandtheprevalenceofvideogamesinsociety,numerousquestionshavebeenraisedaboutthelong-termeffectsofregularuse.Whilethemediafocusisgenerallyonpotentialnegativeeffects,thereisalsoevidencetosuggestthattheremaybe

3、arangeofpotentialpositiveeffectsofvideogames.Inthisarticle,Iarguethatvideogamescanbeausefulpedagogicaltoolforeducatorsatalllevelsofacademia.Letsconsiderasimpleanecdotalexampleofhowvideogamesmayencouragechildrentolearnlargeamountsofinformation.Pokemonisapopularchildrensgameinwhichtheplayerhastofighta

4、ndcollectvariouscreaturescalledzzPokemon/Eachofthe150possiblePokemonhasaname,atype(likewatertypeorfiretype),aweaknessandastrength(firetypesareweakagainstwatertypes,butstrongagainstgrasstypes),andastageofitsevolution(somePokemoncanturnintonewonesifyouusethemenough).Roughlyspeaking,thisgivesus5distinc

5、tpiecesofinformationperPokemonandmultiplyingthisby150gives750distinctunitsofinformation.Nowletsconsideranotherlistofinformationthatisconsideredmoreeducationallyimportant:theperiodictable.Withintheperiodictable,eachelementisdefinedbyasymbol,aname,anatomicnumberandweight,aphaseatroomtemperature,andits

6、metalorgastype.Thatcomesto6distinctunitsofinformationpercell.Multiplyingthisby118,thetotalnumberofelements,gives708distinctunitsofinformationfortheperiodictable.Whatmakesthisinterestingisthattherearealargenumberofyoungchildren(andadultsforthatmatter)whocanrecitefrommemorymuchoftheinformationcontaine

7、dinthelistofPokemonzbutitwouldlikelybedifficulttofindthesamenumberofpeoplewhocoulddothatfortheperiodictable.Thepointisthatthemediumofvideogamesappearstohavethepotentialtofacilitatesignificantlearning.AsitturnsOULvideogamesaredesignedtoeffectivelybelearningmachines.Infact,manygamesstartoffwithasimple

8、tutoriallevelthatteachestheplayerthebasicmechanicsofthegame.Throughoutthegame,thestrategyandtacticsneededtocompletetasksbecomemorecomplexwhiletheteachingmethodgraduallyswitchesfromanexplicittutorialtoanexperience-basedprocess.Essentially,gamesteachtheplayertheskillsneededtocriticallyevaluateanysitua

9、tionwithinthegameanddeterminethebestcourseofaction.Starcraft2(aswellasitspredecessorsStarcraftandStarcraft:BroodWar)iswhatiscalleda”RealTimeStrategy/game.Playersmustobtainvariousresourcesandusethemtopurchasebuildingsandfightingunits.Then,theymustfightanddefeattheirenemy.Toplaythisgamesuccessfully,pl

10、ayersmustmanagetheirtimeandresourcesmoreefficientlythantheiropponentsaseachbuildingandunithasadifferentcost,purpose,andbuildtime.Additionally,muchlikePokemon,unitshavestrengthsandweaknesses.AplayerhastoconstantlyupdatetheirstrategiesthroughoutthegameQD国IELTSADVANTAGESummary Completionbasedontheirint

11、eractionswiththeotherplayers,requiringsignificantplanningandcriticalthinkingskillsthatarehonedbyplayersovertime.Infact,whileStarcraftbeginnersperformlessthan100actions(ordecisions)perminute,professionalscanperformover400perminute.Despiteevidentin-gamelearning,oneconcernisthatvideogamescanonlybeusedt

12、oteachplayersaboutgame-relatedinformationandnotabouteducationallyrelevantmaterial.However;recentresearchintothefieldofdigitalgame-basedlearningsuggeststhatthisisnotthecase.PsychologistCurtSquireconductedaqualitativecasestudyonasecondaryschoolhistoryclassinwhichhehadstudentsplayanhistoricalsimulation

13、gamecalledCivilization3withtheintentionofhavingthestudentslearnabouthistoryfromplayingthegame.Itshouldbenotedthatthisgamewasnotdesignedspecificallyasaneducationalgame.Inthisgame,studentstakecontrolofacivilization(liketheAztecsortheFrench,forexample)andprogressthroughhistorydevelopingtechnology,engag

14、inginsimulatedwarfareanddiplomacy,andmanagingtheeconomiesoftheirempires.Squirereportedthatplayingthisgameforeducationalpurposesseemedtobenefitstudentswhostruggledwithtraditionaleducation,thoughstudentswhotypicallyperformedwellpreferredtraditionalteachingmethods.Anotherwayinwhichvideogamesarelearning

15、machinesisthattheyarehighlymotivatingandthereforetheycaninducehigherstudentengagementcomparedtotraditionalteachingmethods.AccordingtothepsychologistKarlaHamIen,“despiteassumptionsthatchildrenplayvideogamestoavoidmentalstimulation,childrenareactuallymotivatedbythechallengeandthinkingrequiredbyvideoga

16、mes.wSquirereportedthatthestudentsinhisstudyvoluntarily,andwithoutprovocation,spenttimelearningmoreabouthistoryfromthezzcivelopedia,zthatcomeswithCivilization3,whichisakindofencyclopaediawhichprovidesplayerswithhistoricallyaccurateinformationabouttheirchosencivilizationsandotheraspectsofthegame.Adaptedfrom:https:WWW.ncbi.nlm.nih.qov/DmC/articles/PMC4179712/Questions24-27Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSORANUMBERfro