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1、托福作文写作范文详解综合写作阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:Amandatorypolicyrequiringcompaniestooffertheiremployeestheoptionofworkingafour-dayworkweekforfour-fifths(80percent)oftheirnormalpaywouldbenefittheeconomyasawholeaswellastheindividualcompaniesandtheemployeeswhodecidedtotaketheoption.Subpoint1:Theshortene
2、dworkweekwouldincreasecompanyprofit.Subpoint2:Thecountryasawholewillbenefits.Subpoint3:Theoptionofafour-dayworkweekwouldbebetterforindividualemployees.LectureAttitude:Subpoint1:MoremoneyonprovidingtrainingandmedicalbenefitsSubpoint2:Higherexpectationleadstounpleasantemotion.Subpoint3:decreasejobstab
3、ilityandharmchancesforadvancingcareers.范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Thelecturerclaimsthatthenewpolicy,whichallowspeopletoworkfourdaysaweekinsteadoffivezwillhavenegativeeffectsforcompaniesaswellassociety.Thisclaimisnotinagreementwiththatofthereadingpassage,whichsuggeststhatsuchapolicywillbebeneficial.此段功能:首段总领全文,
4、奠定了全文的逻辑走向。切记要以L的观点为主体,从L的观点出发,开门见山地引出ReadingPaSSage(后文提到则用R代替)和Listeningpassage(后文提到用L代替)中讨论的核心内容,四天工作制还是五天工作制的问题。并且,点明了R/L之间的关系,即notinagreement此段结构:段落由两句话组成,第一句话总结L中的观点,第二句中直接的说明L和R观点相反,并补充总结R中的观点。两句话都使用从句形式,使得内容总结和逻辑关系可以一并呈现,值得借鉴。Paragraph2AccordingtotheIecturezacompanythatallowsemployeestohavefe
5、werworkinghoursislikelytohiremorepeopletoensurethatitmeetsnormallevelsofproductivity.Ifthisoccurs,expensesfortrainingandmedicalinsurancewillinevitablyrise.Thereadingpassage,bycontrast,suggeststhatemployeeswhoenjoymoreleisuretimemakefewermistakesandworkmoreefficiently,leadingtoincreasedprofitsforthee
6、nterprise.此段功能从L的观点出发结合L中提到的细节信息分别引出R/L的第一个subtopic(即增员意味着福利支出的提高,进行逻辑推理反驳R的第一个subtopic).此段结构:此段为总分结构,首句提出L说增员会加大开销。次句则是用自己的语言解释了开销为何会随着增员而增加。随后则是引出R中的观点,并且进行对R的反驳。Paragraph3Thesecondpointofdifferencebetweenthelectureandthereadingpassageconcernstheimpactofthepolicyontheunemploymentrate.Thelectureras
7、sertsthatforthesakeofsavingmoneyzemployersmightraisetheirexpectationsoffour-dayemployeesratherthanrecruitmorepeople.Consequently,employeeswhoworkfourdayswillbeforcedtofinishwhattheypreviouslydidinfivedays,andnoadditionaljobswillbecreated.此段功能:直接写出第二个Subtopicz从L的观点出发,具体说明,为了完成任务,4天员工制会被期待4天完成5天任务造成压力
8、,并且不会像R中所提到的为了完成任务,聘用更多员工benefitwholecountry.此段结构:此段为总分结构,首句提出第二个SUbtoPiC分别对就业率的影响。第二句还是以L为主,说明4天员工制产生的结果。第三句说明4天员工制在R中的结果。其结果被证明相反。Paragraph4Finally,thelecturerarguesthatunderthenewpolicy,employeeswillexperiencenotonlydecreasedqualityoflife(asshorterworkinghourswilltranslateintolesspay),butalsofewe
9、rchancestobepromotedtosupervisorypositions.Howeverzthereadingpassagecontendsthatmoreleisurehourscancreateopportunitiestostrengthenfamilytiesandallowemployeestodevelopprivateinterests,makingthemfeelmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.此段功能:引出第三个subtopic,既4天员工制在L和R中,分别对qualityoflife的影响。第一句说L认为此制度降低了生活质量。第二句,在h
10、owever转折之后,说明R认为制度增加了生活质量。此段结构:此段为分分结构,并没有首句说明LR观点相反。直接上半句和下半句很对称的表达了LzR意见相反。范文全篇总评1、逻辑结构整篇文章遵从总分结构,首段提出全文核心(L和R观点相反)之后,找出三个subtopicz三个段落依次展开,以L观点为基础,对R的观点逐一反驳。结构清晰,一目了然。每段中反驳的展开也是有理有据。例如正文段第一段,作者以L的第一观点出发,找到L中第一观点涉及到的细节内容(增员导致医药训练费增加)作为证据,找到相对应R的观点的细节(增员会使员工少犯错误减少开支),一比较R的证据非常软弱,论证出增员不可能达到增加profit这
11、一结论,使得R的观点苍白无力。注意只写观点相反而不列举证据也是相反,会显得没有说服力。2.语言表达如果用一个词汇来形容文章语言特点,那么一定是accurateo本文作者并没有运用晦涩复杂的语法,也避免使用过多生僻词汇,完全没有给读者理解逻辑造成任何影响和障碍。其中值得借鉴的词语和句式有:表示种观点或证据相反:(A)isnotinagreementwith(B)类比句型:(A)isincontractto(B),(A)isagainstwith(B),(A)standstheoppositeto(B)如何利用文中的证据来攻击或者支持观点:(.列举L中的证据细节A).Ifthisoccurs,ex
12、pensesfortrainingandmedicalinsurancewillinevitablyrise.此句以if开始,列举同一个举动(4人上班制度),侧重training或medicalinsurance会导致的结果(cost升高)。紧接着下一句说明,同样在R中,同样的4人上班制度,侧重leisuretime导致cost降低。一个举动,两种观点会产生两种结论;自然而然的自相矛盾。forthesakeofsavingmoney,employersmightraisetheirexpectations为了达到(XX)目的,引出为了目的(XX)证据或举措。非常舒适的列举论点的论据的句式。类比句式:Forthepurposeof(某结论),(某条件,某细节,需要被做到)Inordertoachieve(某结论)o