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1、2024中国胚胎植入.胎盘发育和分娩启动相关基础研究进展摘要本文旨在总结近年来中国科学家在母胎医学领域取得的主要进展。检索2020年1月至2023年11月Pubmed数据库收录的中国科学家在胚胎植入、胎盘发育和分娩方面的研究进展。妊娠期间的里程碑事件，包括胚胎植入、子宫内膜蜕膜化、胎盘发育和分娩是成功妊娠的关键。胚胎植入需要有着床能力的囊胚和子宫内膜容受性之间复杂的相互作用。为了适应妊娠，子宫内膜基质细胞在人类卵巢激素影响下自发转变为专门的蜕膜细胞，但在小鼠中，蜕膜反应是由胚胎植入或人工刺激引起的。随着胚胎发育，胎盘形成以支持胎儿生长直至分娩。母-胎界面由多种细胞类型组成，包括子宫内膜蜕膜细胞
2、、胎盘滋养层细胞、内皮细胞和各种免疫细胞，它们之间复杂的相互作用有助于妊娠的维持。近足月时，子宫由静止状态变为收缩状态，为分娩做准备。这些事件的中断会导致妊娠相关疾病，如反复种植失败、反复妊娠丢失、子痫前期、胎儿生长受限、早产和不孕症。近年来，我国科学家在上述妊娠事件的基础研究方面取得了显著成果，在生殖生物学和母胎医学研究方面做出了卓越的贡献，凸显了该领域未来的研究方向。相关图表CBMIP38TNFaS100A9LactateIGF2PDGFAEFNA34Figure1:Signalingnetworksgoverningembryoimplantationanddecidualization
3、.Thedynamicprocessofembryoimplantationanddecidualizationinvolvescomplexinteractionsamongtheembryo,uterineepithelium；andstroma.Criticalsignalsregulatingcell-cellinterplayareportrayedhere.EstablishmentofuterinereceptivityandprogressionofdecidualizationareundertheprecisecontrolofER-mediatedestrogensign
4、alingandPR-mediatedprogesteronesignaling.ThetranscriptionalactivityofERandPRaremodulatedattheposttranslationallevel.PosttranslationalregulationofERandPRisillustratedhere,withcontributionsbyChinesescientistshighlightedinred.ATF3:activatingtranscriptionHB-EGFAdhesionmoleculeCEBP-HOXA10溜*0X6UBE3ATPjPro
5、staglandinStromaldecidualizati？HERC4factor3;ATP:adenosinetriphosphate;CEBP:CCAAT/enhancer-bindingproteinbeta;ER:estrogenreceptor;HB-EGF:heparinbindingEGFLikeGrowthFactor;IGF2:insulin-likegrowthfactor2;LIF:leukemiainhibitoryfactor;PDGFA:platelet-derivedgrowthfactorsubunitA;PR:progesteronereceptor;SOX
6、4:SRY-Boxtranscriptionfactor4;S100A9:S100calcium-bindingproteinA9;TNFoctumournecrosisfactoralpha.Amino AddsSyncytializationMacropinosomesNucleusNucleusTMEM16F? H3K9me3H3K27acFigure 2: Regulatory mechanisms underlying Syncytialization during STB formation. Mononucleated CTB cells fuse into multinucle
7、ated STB cells responsible for exchanging nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus. During SyncytializationzTMEM16FactivationfacilitatescellfusionbytranslocatingPStothecellsurface.Meanwhile,bivalentERV-derivedenhancerMER50profoundlyrewiresthetranscriptionalprogramofSyncytialization.STBcaneff
8、icientlyuptakelargemoleculesbythemacropinocytosismachinery,whichisenhancedduringreducedaminoacidsupply.CTB:cytotrophoblast;ERV:endogenousretrovirus;PS:phosphatidylserine;STB:Syncytiotrophoblast.ParturitionFigure3:Signalingnetworksregulatingparturition.Laboronsetreliesonsignalsderivedfromthematernaldeciduazepithelium,andendothelium,andthefetus.Thisdiagramsummarizesthesignalingnetworksgoverningparturition,withcontributionsbyChinesescientistshighlightedinred.
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