美国总统34 林登·约翰逊.docx

《美国总统34 林登·约翰逊.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国总统34 林登·约翰逊.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在优知文库上搜索。

1、美国总统34林登约翰逊1.yndonJohnson:Complicatedplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:24repeatByKellyJeanKelly05November,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutLyndonJohnson.HewasthevicepresidentunderJohnF.Kennedy.1.yndonJohnsontakestheoathofofficeManyAmericansrecognizeJohnsonfromaphoto

2、graphofhisswearing-inonNovember22,1963.KennedyhadjustbeenshotduringavisittoDallas,Texas.Johnsonandhiswifealsowerevisitingthecity.AfterdoctorsannouncedthatKennedyhaddied,theJohnsonsweretakentothepresidentialairplane.There,Johnsontooktheoathofofficeaspresident.Menwearingsuitslookon,whilethreewomenstan

3、daroundhim.Hiswife,LadyBirdJohnson,isatoneside.FormerfirstladyJackieKennedyisattheother.Sheisstillwearingclothingcoveredwithherhusbandsblood.Thejudgewhoisadministeringtheoath,SarahHughes,standsinfrontofLyndonJohnson.SheholdsaprayerbookonwhichJohnsonplacesonehandandswearstofollowtheConstitution.Theph

4、otographshowedtheAmericanpeoplethatthefederalgovernmentcouldandwouldcontinueinanorderlyway.ButJohnsonspositionwasdifficult.Manypeoplewereshockedandinmourningfortheassassinatedpresident.ButastheconflictinVietnamincreased,andsomeAmericansrejectedJohnsonsreforms,hefoundhispositiondifficultagain.Inthene

5、xtelection,Johnsonwaselectedpresidentinhisownright.Earlylife1.yndonBainesJohnsonwasborninTexas,wherehisfamilyhadlivedforgenerations.AtowncalledJohnsonwasevennamedafterhisrelatives.1.yndonwastheoldestoffivechildren.Hismotherwasateacherandwriter,andhisfatherwasafarmerandpoliticalleader.Johnsonalsobrie

6、flyservedintheNavyduringWorldWarII.Intime,theJohnsonfamilyexperiencedfinancialdifficulties.Theyhadlittlemoneytogivetheirchildrenmuchofaneducation,butLyndonwasabletoattendateachingcollege.Johnsonexcelledasateacher.Healsolearnedfromhisstudents.Manywereevenpoorerthanhewas.Theyalsofaceddiscriminationbec

7、ausetheycamefromMexicanfamilies.Johnsonpromisedtohelpthem.Buthefoundhecoulddomoretoimprovepeopleslivesasapoliticianthanasateacher.Hevolunteeredforsomepoliticalcampaigns,becameanaidetoamemberoftheUnitedStatesCongress,andintimebecameamemberofCongresshimself.Alongtheway,hemarriedawomannamedClaudiaTaylo

8、r.ButeveryonecalledherLadyBird.Theywentontohavetwodaughters.Johnsonservedfor12yearsintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives.In1948zhewasnarrowlyelectedtotheSenate,becomingoneofthetwosenatorsfromthestateofTexas.Fromthere,Johnsonrosequickly.HetookonincreasinglyimportantjobsintheSenate.By1954zhewastheSenatemajo

9、rityleader-theDemocraticPartystopspokesmanintheSenate.TheSenatewebsitenotesthatthepersonwiththatjobneedstobeabletoworkwellwithothers,especiallymembersofotherparties.HistoriansalsonotethatJohnsonworkedveryhard,andwasalwaysprepared.Awell-knownbiographyofJohnsoniscalledMasteroftheSenate.Thebookdescribe

10、sJohnsonasextremelyambitious,sometimescruel,andoftenwillingtopraiseotherstogetwhathewanted.Atthesametime,hecouldbeveryconcernedaboutotherpeople,swell-being.Inotherwords,thepictureofJohnsonisacomplicatedone.InI960,hecompetedagainstJohnF.KennedyfortheDemocraticpresidentialnomination.Johnsonlostthatrac

11、e-butthepartyaskedhimtobetheirvicepresidentialcandidateinstead.Johnsonagreed,notknowingthatinalittlemorethanthreeyears,hewouldentertheWhiteHouseaspresident.PresidencyAfterbeingsworn-inzJohnsonusedhispoliticalexperienceintheSenatetopassanumberofreforms.Theywereaimedatcarryingonzinhiswords,aWaronPover

12、ty.Thenewlawscreatedhealthcareandeducationprograms.Theyalsousedfederalmoneytomakefoodlesscostlyforsomepeople,andtotrainworkersforjobs.JohnsonalsocontinuedtheworkKennedybeganbysigningtheCivilRightsActof1964.Theactmadesegregationbecauseofrace,religion,ornationaloriginillegal.TheCivilRightsActalsomadei

13、tillegalforemployerstodiscriminateagainstsomeonebecauseofrace,religion,nationalorigin,orgender.Thereformshadtheircritics,thenandtoday.Butinthepresidentialelectionof1964zJohnsonwonbythewidestmarginofpopularvotesinAmericanhistory.HistorianKentGermanysaysthatvotegavetheDemocratsarareopeningtopassacompr

14、ehensiveliberalprogram.RPresidencyafter1964Johnsonhadanameforsuchaprogram.HecalledittheGreatSociety.HesaidtheUnitedStatesshouldaimnotonlytobearichandpowerfulsociety,butalsotoendpovertyandracialinjustice.Johnsonfollowedhisearlierreformswithothers.Theysoughttopreventcrime,reducepollution,supporttheart

15、s,makeroadssafer,andprotectAmericanconsumersagainstbadproducts.Hisadministrationalsocreatedanimmigrationpolicythatvaluedfamilymembers,skilledworkers,andrefugees.Inearly1965zcivilrightsactiviststriedtoregisterblackvotersaroundSelma,Alabama.TheiractionsledtoviolenceandhelpedinspireJohnsontopushforaddi

16、tionalcivilrightslaws.JohnsonalsosignedtheVotingRightsActof1965.ItsoughttoliftthebarriersthathadlongpreventedAfrican-Americanmenandwomenfromexercisingtheirrighttovote.1.ater,Johnsonremovedlegaldiscriminationintheprocessofbuyingandrentinghomes.Together,theseactionshavelinkedJohnsontothecivilrightsmovementinthemindsofmanyAmericans.YetJohnsonisalsostronglylinkedtoanotherpar