美国名人 雷·克拉克.docx

《美国名人 雷·克拉克.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国名人 雷·克拉克.docx（4页珍藏版）》请在优知文库上搜索。

1、美国名人雷克拉克RayKrocplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByGeorgeGrow2004-3-13(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutRayKroczthemanwhohelpedmakethefastfoodindustryfamous.HeexpandedasmallbusinessintoaninternationaloperationcalledMc

2、Donalds.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Youprobablyknowwhatfastfoodis.Itiscookedfoodthatisreadyalmostassoonasyouenterapubliceatingplace.Itdoesnotcostmuch.ItispopularwithmostAmericansandwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.Someexpertssaythatatleasttwenty-fivepercentofAmericanadultseatfastfoodeveryday.Mostfastfoodrestaurants

3、offergroundbeefsandwichescalledhamburgersandpotatoescookedinhotoilcalledfrenchfries.Otherfastfoodplacesservefriedchicken,pizzaortacos.VOICETWO:YouseefastfoodrestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheUnitedStates.Thenamesandthedesignsofthebuildingsareeasilyrecognized-BurgerKing,KentuckyFriedChicken,PizzaHutzTa

4、coBellandofcourse,McDonalds.Mostarechainrestaurants.Thatmeanseachoneispartofahugecompany.Eachrestaurantinthechainhasthesamelarge,colorfulsignthatcanberecognizedfromfaraway.Eachoffersitsowncarefullylimitedchoiceoffoods.Eachkindofhamburgerorpieceofchickentastesthesameateveryrestaurantinthechain.VOICEO

5、NE:ThefastfoodindustrybeganwithtwobrothersinSanBernardinozCaliforniainthenineteen-forties.MacandDickMcDonaldownedasmall,butverysuccessfulrestaurant.Theysoldonlyafewkindsofsimplefoodzespeciallyhamburgers.Peoplestoodoutsidetherestaurantatawindow.Theytoldtheworkersinsidewhattheywantedtoeat.Theyreceived

6、andpaidfortheirfoodveryquickly.Thefoodcameincontainersthatcouldbethrownaway.ThesystemwassosuccessfulthattheMcDonaldbrothersdiscoveredtheycouldsellalotoffoodandlowertheirprices.VOICETWO:RayKrocsoldrestaurantsupplies.HerecognizedtheimportanceoftheMcDonaldbrothersidea.Hesawthatfoodsalescouldbeorganized

7、formassproduction-almostlikeafactory.MisterKrocpaidtheMcDonaldbrothersforpermissiontoopenseveralrestaurantsSimilartotheirs.HeopenedthefirstMcDonaldsrestaurantnearChicago,Illinois,innineteen-fifty-five.Soon,moreMcDonaldswereopeningallacrosstheUnitedStates.Otherpeoplecopiedtheideaandmorefastfoodrestau

8、rantsfollowed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:RaymondAlbertKrocwasaverywealthybusinessmanwhenhediedinnineteen-eighty-four.Buthehadnotalwaysbeensuccessful.RaywasborninIllinoisinnineteen-oh-two.Hisparentswerenotrich.HeattendedschoolinOakPark,nearChicago.Raynevercompletedhighschool,however.Heleftschooltobecomeadriverf

9、ortheRedCrossinWorldWarOne.Heliedabouthisagetobeaccepted.Hewasonlyfifteen.ThewarendedbeforehecouldbesenttoEurope.VOICETWO:Afterthewar,Raybecameajazzpianoplayer.Heplayedwithfamousmusicgroups.Hegotmarriedwhenhewastwenty.ThenhebeganworkingfortheLilyTulipCupCompany,sellingpapercups.Hekepttryingnewthings

10、,however.HeattemptedtoselllandinthesouthernstateofFlorida.Thatbusinessfailed.RayKrocremembereddrivingtoChicagofromFloridaafterhisbusinessfailed.Hesaid:IwillneverforgetthatdriveaslongasIlive.Thestreetswerecoveredwithice,andIdidnothavewinterclothing.WhenIarrivedhomeIwasverycoldandhadnomoney.VOICEONE:R

11、ayKrocwentbacktobeingasalesmanfortheLilyTulipCupCompany.HewasresponsibleforproductsalesinthecentralUnitedStates.Hislifeimprovedwhenhestartedasmallbusinessthatsoldrestaurantsupplies.Hesoldamachinethatcouldmixfivemilkshakesatonetime.Innineteen-fifty-fourzhediscoveredasmallrestaurantthatwasusingeightof

12、hismachines.Hewentthereandfoundthattheownersoftherestauranthadagoodbusinesssellingonlyhamburgers,frenchfriesanddrinks.Atfirst,MisterKrocsawonlythepossibilityforincreasingthesalesofhismixerstomorerestaurants.ThenheproposedanagreementwiththeMcDonaldbrotherstostartanumberofrestaurants.Undertheagreement

13、,theMcDonaldbrotherswouldgetapercentageofallsales.VOICETWO:ThefirstMcDonaldsrestaurantopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,innineteen-fifty-five.RayKrocwasfifty-twoyearsoldanagewhenmanypeoplestartthinkingaboutretirement.Heopenedtworestaurants.Soonhebegantounderstandthattherealprofitsweremadeinsellinghamburge

14、rs,notthemixers.HequicklysoldthemixercompanyandinvestedthemoneyinthegrowingchainofMcDonaldsrestaurants.Innineteen-sityzMisterKrocboughtthelegalrightstotherestaurantsfromtheMcDonaldbrothers.Bythen,thechainhadmorethantwo-hundredrestaurants.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FastfoodrestaurantsspreadquicklyintheUnitedSta

15、tesbecauseoffranchising.Franchisingmeanssellingthelegalrighttooperateastoreinacompanyschaintoanindependentbusinessperson.Ifthecompanyapproves,thebusinesspersonmaybuyorleasethestoreforaperiodofyears.ManypeoplewanttoownaMcDonaldsrestaurant,butonlyafewareapproved.Eachrestaurantbuysitssuppliesatalowcost

16、fromtheparentcompany.Eachrestaurantalsogivesthecompanyabouttenpercentofthemoneyitearnsinsales.TodayzaboutseventypercentofMcDonaldsrestaurantsworldwideareownedandoperatedbyindependentbusinessmenandwomen.VOICETWO:RayKrocwasgoodatidentifyingwhatthepublicwanted.HeknewthatmanyAmericanfamilieswantedtoeatinarestaurantsometimes.Hegavepeopleasimpleeatingplacewithpopularfoodzlowprices,friendlyserviceandnow