美国名人 现代民权运动之母 罗莎·帕克斯.docx

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1、美国名人现代民权运动之母罗莎帕克斯RosaParks:MotheroftheAmericanCivilRightsMovementplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-18:05repeatByNancySteinbach2005-11-19(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mPatBodnar.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutRosaParkszwhohasbeencalledthemotheroftheAmericancivilrightsmoveme

2、nt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Untilthenineteensixties,blackpeopleinmanypartsoftheUnitedStatesdidnothavethesamecivilrightsaswhitepeople.LawsintheAmericanSouthkeptthetworacesseparate.Theselawsforcedblackpeopletoattendseparateschools,liveinseparateareasofacityandsitinseparateareasonabus.OnDecemberfirst,nineteenfi

3、fty-five,inthesoutherncityofMontgomery,Alabama,aforty-twoyearoldblackwomangotonacitybus.Thelawatthattimerequiredblackpeopleseatedinoneareaofthebustogiveuptheirseatstowhitepeoplewhowantedthem.Thewomanrefusedtodothisandwasarrested.ThisactofpeacefuldisobediencestartedprotestsinMontgomerythatledtolegalc

4、hangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.ThewomanwhostarteditwasRosaParks.Today,wetellherstory.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShewasbornRosaLouiseMcCauleyinnineteen-thirteeninTuskegee,Alabama.Sheattendedlocalschoolsuntilshewaselevenyearsold.ThenshewassenttoschoolinMontgomery.Shelefthighschoolearlytocareforhersickgr

5、andmother,thentocareforhermother.Shedidnotfinishhighschooluntilshewastwenty-one.RosamarriedRaymondParksinnineteenthirty-two.Hewasabarberwhocutmenshair.Hewasalsoacivilrightsactivist.Together;theyworkedforthelocalgroupoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.Innineteenforty-three,Missu

6、sParksbecameanofficerinthegroupandlateritsyouthleader.RosaParkswasaseamstressinMontgomery.Sheworkedsewingclothesfromthenineteenthirtiesuntilnineteenfifty-five.ThenshebecamearepresentationoffreedomformillionsofAfrican-Americans.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InmuchoftheAmericanSouthinthenineteenfifties,thefirstrows

7、ofseatsoncitybuseswereforwhitepeopleonly.Blackpeoplesatinthebackofthebus.Bothgroupscouldsitinamiddlearea.However,blackpeoplesittinginthatpartofthebuswereexpectedtoleavetheirseatsifawhitepersonwantedtositthere.RosaParksandthreeotherblackpeoplewereseatedinthemiddleareaofthebuswhenawhitepersongotontheb

8、usandwantedaseat.Thebusdriverdemandedthatallfourblackpeopleleavetheirseatssothewhitepersonwouldnothavetositnexttoanyofthem.Thethreeotherblacksgotup,butMissusParksrefused.Shewasarrested.SomepopularstoriesaboutthatincidentincludethestatementthatRosaParksrefusedtoleaveherseatbecauseherfeetweretired.But

9、sheherselfsaidinlateryearsthatthiswasfalse.WhatshewasreallytiredOfshesaid,wasacceptingunequaltreatment.Sheexplainedlaterthatthisseemedtobetheplaceforhertostopbeingpushedaroundandtofindoutwhathumanrightsshehad,ifany.VOICETWO:AgroupofblackactivistwomeninMontgomerywasknownastheWomensPoliticalCouncil.Th

10、egroupwasworkingtoopposethemistreatmentofblackbuspassengers.Blackshadbeenarrestedandevenkilledforviolatingordersfrombusdrivers.RosaParkswasnotthefirstblackpersontorefusetogiveupaseatonthebusforawhiteperson.ButblackgroupsinMontgomeryconsideredhertobetherightcitizenaroundwhomtobuildaprotestbecauseshew

11、asoneofthefinestcitizensofthecity.ThewomensgroupimmediatelycalledforallblacksinthecitytorefusetorideoncitybusesonthedayofMissusParksstrial,Monday,Decemberfifth.Theresultwasthatfortythousandpeoplewalkedandusedothertransportationonthatday.Thatnight,atmeetingsthroughoutthecity,blacksinMontgomeryagreedt

12、ocontinuetoboycottthecitybusesuntiltheirmistreatmentstopped.Theyalsodemandedthatthecityhireblackbusdriversandthatanyonebepermittedtositinthemiddleofthebusandnothavetogetupforanyoneelse.VOICEONE:TheMontgomerybusboycottcontinuedforthreehundredeighty-onedays.ItwasledbylocalblackleaderE.D.Nixonandayoung

13、blackminister;MartinLutherKing,Junior.Similarprotestswereheldinothersoutherncities.Finally,theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesruledonMissusParksscase.Itmaderacialseparationillegaloncitybuses.ThatdecisioncameonNovemberthirteenth,nineteenfifty-six,almostayearafterMissusParkssarrest.TheboycottinMontgomery

14、endedthedayafterthecourtorderarrived,Decembertwentieth.RosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Juniorhadstartedamovementofnon-violentprotestintheSouth.ThatmovementchangedcivilrightsintheUnitedStatesforever.MartinLutherKingbecameitsfamousspokesman,buthedidnotlivetoseemanyoftheresultsofhiswork.RosaParksdid.(MUSI

15、C)VOICETWO:1.ifebecameincreasinglydifficultforRosaParksandherfamilyafterthebusboycott.Shewasdismissedfromherjobandcouldnotfindanother.SotheParksfamilyleftMontgomery.TheymovedfirsttoVirginia,thentoDetroit,Michigan.MissusParksworkedasaseamstressuntilnineteensixty-five.Then,MichiganRepresentativeJohnCo

16、nyersgaveherajobworkinginhiscongressionalofficeinDetroit.Sheretiredfromthatjobinnineteeneighty-eight.Throughtheyears,RosaParkscontinuedtoworkfortheNAACPandappearedatcivilrightsevents.Shewasaquietwomanandoftenseemeduneasywithherfame.Butshesaidthatshewantedtohelppeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tomakeusefullivesforthemselvesandtohelpothers.Innineteeneighty-sevenzshefoundedtheRosaandRaymondParksInstituteforSelf-Develop