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1、美国名人作家威廉福克纳（2）WilliamFaulkner,Part2playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByCynthiaKirk2004-12-11(THEME)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wefinishthestoryofthewriterWilliamFaulkner.HecreatedanareaandfilleditwithpeopleoftheAmericanSouth.(THEME)V
2、OICEONE:Innineteen-forty-fivezallseventeenbooksWilliamFaulknerhadwrittenbythenwerenotbeingpublished.Someofthemcouldnotbefoundeveninstoresthatsoldusedbooks.ThecriticMalcolmCowleysays,Faulknersearlynovelshadbeenpraisedtoomuch,usuallyforthewrongreasons.Hislaterandinmanywaysbetternovelshadbeencriticized
3、orsimplynotread.Eventhosewholikedhisbookswerenotalwayssurewhathewastryingtosay.Faulknerneverexplained.Andhedidnotgiveinformationabouthimself.Hedidnotevencorrectthemistakesothersmadewhentheywroteabouthim.Hedidnotcarehowhisnamewasspelled:withorwithoutau.Hesaideitherwaywasallrightwithhim.Oncehefinished
4、abookhewasnotconcernedabouthowitwaspresentedtothepublic.Sometimeshedidnotevenkeepacopyofhisbook.Hesaid,IthinkIhavewrittenalotandsentitofftobeprintedbeforeIrealizedstrangersmightreadit.VOICETWO:Innineteen-fort-sixzMalcolmCowleycollectedsomeofFaulknerswritingsandwroteareportabouthim.Thecollectionattem
5、ptedtoshowwhatFaulknerwastryingtodo,andhoweachdifferentbookwaspartofaunifiedeffort.CowleyagreedthatFaulknerwasanunevenwriter.Yetzhesaid,theunevennessshowsthatFaulknerwaswillingtotakerisks,toexplorenewmaterial,andnewwaystotalkaboutit.Innineteen-twenty-nine,inhisnovelSartoris,Faulknerpresentedalmostal
6、ltheideashedevelopedduringtherestofhislife.Soonafter,hepublishedthebookhelikedbest,TheSoundandtheFury.ItwasfinishedbeforeSartoris,butdidnotappearuntilsixmonthslater.VOICEONE:IntalkingaboutTheSoundandtheFury/Faulknersaidhesawinhismindadirtylittlegirlplayinginfrontofherhouse.Fromthissmallbeginning,Fau
7、lknerdevelopedastoryabouttheCompsonfamily,toldinfourdifferentvoices.Threeofthevoicesarebrothers:Benjy,whoismentallysick;Quentin,whokillshimself,andJason,abusinessfailure.Eachofthemfordifferentreasonsmournsthelossoftheirsister,Caddie.Eachhasadifferentpieceofthestory.Itisastoryofsadnessandloss,ofthefa
8、ilureofanoldSouthernfamilytowhichthebrothersbelong.Italsodescribestheprivateideasofthebrothers.Todothis,Faulknerinventsadifferentwayofwritingforeachofthem.Onlythelastpartofthenovelistoldinthenormalway.Theotherthreepartsmoveforwardandbackthroughtimeandspace.VOICETWO:ThestoryalsoshowshowtheCompsonfami
9、lyseemstocooperateinitsfailure.Indoingsothefamilydestroyswhatitwantstosave.Quentin,inTheSoundandtheFuryztriestopressurehissistertosaythatsheispregnantbyhim.HefindsitbettertosaythatabrotherandsisterhadsextogetherthantoadmitthatshehadsexwithoneofthecommontownboysofJefferson.Anotherbrother,Jason,accuse
10、sothersofstealinghismoneyandcausinghisbusinesstofail.Atthesametime,heisstealingfromthedaughterofhissister.MissusCompson,themotherinthefamily,saysofGodsactions:Itcantbesimplytohurtme.WhoeverGodis,hewouldnotpermitthat.malady.VOICEONE:SomeofthepeopleFaulknercreates,likeReverendHightowerinLightinAugust,
11、livesomuchinthepastthattheyareunabletofacethepresent.Othersseemtorunfromonedangertoanother,likeyoungBayardSartoris,seekinghisowndestruction.Thesepeopleexist,Faulknersays,inthatdreamstateinwhichyourunwithoutmovingfromaterrorinwhichyoucannotbelieve,towardasafetyinwhichyouhavenobelief.AsMalcolmCowleysh
12、ows,allofFaulknerspeople,blackorwhite,actinasimilarway.Theydigforgoldaftertheyhavelosthopeoffindingit-likeHenryArmstidinthenovelzTheHamlet.TheybattleandsurviveaMississippifloodfortherewardofreturningtostateprison-asthetallmandidinthestoryOldMan.Theyturnandfacedeathatthehandsofamob-likeJoeChristmasdo
13、esinthenovel,LightinAugust.Theyactasiftheywillsucceedwhentheyknowtheywillfail.(Music)VOICETWO:Faulknersnextbook,AsILayDying/waspublishedinnineteen-thirty.ItissimilartoTheSoundandtheFuryinthewayitiswrittenandinthewayitdealswithloss.AgainFaulknerusesaseriesofdifferentvoicestotellhisstory.Thelossthisti
14、meisthedeathofthefamilysmother.ThefamilycarriesthebodythroughfloodandfireinanefforttogetherbodytoJeffersontobeburied.NeitherAsILayDyingnorTheSoundandtheFurywasagreatsuccess.Faulknerdidnotearnmuchmoneyfromthem.HewasaddingtohisearningsbysellingshortstoriesandbyworkingfromtimetotimeonmoviesinHollywood.
15、Thentoearnmoremoneyhewroteabookfullofsexandviolence.HecalleditSanctuary.Whenthebookwasreadytobepublished,FaulknerwenttoNewYorkandcompletelyrewroteit.Thechangesweremadeafteritwasprinted.SoFaulknerhadtopayforthemhimself.VOICEONE:ThemainpersoninSanctuaryisamancalledPopeye.Heisakindofmechanicalman,aman,
16、Faulknersayszwithouthumaneyes.Faulknersaysheisapersonwiththedepthofpressedmetal.ForFaulkner;Popeyerepresentseverythingthatiswrongwithmodernsocietyanditsconcernwitheconomiccapitalism.Popeyeisacriminal,amanwhomademoneyandhadnothinghecoulddowithit,spenditfor.Heknowsthatalcoholwillkillhimlikepoison.Hehasnofriends.Hehasneverknownawoman.Inlaterbooksheappears
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