美国名人 军事家 道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟.docx

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1、美国名人军事家道格拉斯麦克阿瑟DouglasMacArthur:BorntoBeaSoldierplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:58repeatByPaulThompson2005-7-23(MUSIC)ANNCR:Now,theVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.TodayRichKleinfeldtandSarahLongtellaboutoneofthemostunusualandsuccessfulAmericanmilitaryleaders,GeneralDouglasMacArthur.(MUSIC)VOIC

2、EONE:GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasamostunusualman.Hewasextremelyintelligentandverydemanding.Heexpectedhisorderstobefollowedexactly.Yethehadproblemsallhislifefollowingtheordersofthosewhowerehiscommanders.DouglasMacArthurwasveryintelligentandcouldrememberthingsthatotherswouldeasilyforget.Hecoulddesignbat

3、tleplansthatlefttheenemynochoiceotherthansurrenderanddefeat.Hisbattleplansdefeatedtheenemyandsavedasmanyofhisownmenaspossible.Atothertimes,hewouldmakesimplemistakesthatmadehimappearstupid.Heoftensaidthingsthatshowedhefeltimportant.Manypeoplemadejokesabouthim.Someofhissoldierssangsongsthatmadefunofhi

4、m.OthersbelievedhewasthebestgeneralevertoserveintheUnitedStatesmilitary.GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasextremelybraveinbattle,sometimesalmostfoolish.Itoftenseemedasifhebelievedhecouldnotbekilled.HewoneverymedalandhonortheUnitedStatescangiveasoldier.However;attheendofhislife,herejectedwarandwarnedAmerican

5、politicalleaderstostayawayfromarmedconflict.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DouglasMacArthurwasborntobeasoldier.Hisfather;ArthurMacArthur,wasaherooftheAmericanCivilWarandcontinuedtoserveinthearmyafterthewarendedineighteensixty-five.Hebecamethetopofficerofthearmyinnineteen-oh-six.DouglaswasbornonanArmybasenearthesou

6、therncityofLittleRock,ArkansasinJanuary,eighteeneighty.Hegrewuponarmybaseswherehisfatherserved.HesaidthefirstsoundshecouldrememberasachildwerethoseoftheArmy:thesoundsofhorns,drumsandsoldiersmarching.VOICEONE:TherewasneveranyquestionaboutwhatDouglasMacArthurwoulddowithhislife.Hewouldjointhearmy.Hewan

7、tedtoentertheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,NewYork.TheAcademyisauniversitythattrainsofficersfortheUnitedStatesArmy.SchoolOffiCiaISrejectedhimtwotimesbeforehewasaccepted.HefinishedhisfouryearsatWestPointasthebeststudentinhisclass.VOICETWO:DouglasMacArthurbeganhisserviceintheArmybytravelingto

8、severalAsiancountriesincludingJapan,andtothePhilippines,thenanAmericanterritory.HealsoservedatseveralsmallbasesintheUnitedStates.HebecameacolonelwhenWorldWarOnebegan.Heledtroopsonverydangerousattacksagainsttheenemy.Hewonmanyhonorsforhisbraveryandleadership.Afterthatwar;heservedasheadoftheWestPointMi

9、litaryAcademy.Hebecameageneral.Duringthenineteenthirties,PresidentHerbertHooverappointedhimChiefofStaffoftheArmyzoneofthemostimportantjobsintheAmericanmilitary.Innineteen-thirty-five,GeneralMacArthurwasappointedmilitaryadvisortothePhilippines.Hewastohelpthegovernmentbuildanarmyfordefensepurposesasth

10、ePhilippinesbeganplanningforindependence.Hehadretiredfromthearmy.HewasthechiefmilitaryadvisortothePhilippinemilitaryforceswhentheUnitedStatesenteredWorldWarTwoinDecember,nineteenforty-one.VOICEONE:JapaneseaggressioninthePacificdevelopedveryquickly.JapanesetroopsbeganarrivinginthePhilippinesonDecembe

11、releventh,nineteenforty-one.Thefightingwasextremelyfierce.TheJapaneseweredefeatingthePhilippineandAmericanforces.GeneralMacArthurhadbeenrecalledtoactivedutybyPresident.PresidentRooseveltorderedMacArthurtoleavethePhilippinestocommandAmericanforcesintheSouthPacific.GeneralMacArthurfinallyagreedtoleave

12、forAustraliabeforethePhilippinessurrenderedtoJapan.ButhemadeapromisetothePhilippinepeople.Hesaid,Ishallreturn.VOICETWO:MilitaryhistoryexpertscontinuetostudyGeneralMacArthursdecisionsduringWorldWarTwo.HewonbattleafterbattleintheSouthPacificarea.Often,hewouldpassislandswithstrongenemyforces,cutoffthei

13、rsuppliesandleavethemwithnochancetofight.Innineteenforty-four,hereturnedtothePhilippineswithanarmythatdefeatedtheJapanese.VOICEONE:MacArthurwaschosentoaccepttheJapanesesurrenderinSeptember,nineteenforty-five.HewasappointedSupremeCommanderoftheAlliedPowers,theleaderoftheoccupationforcesthatwouldruleJ

14、apan.AsanAmericansoldier;hehadtofollowtheordersofthegovernmentinWashington.ButinJapan,GeneralMacArthurruledlikeadictator.VOICETWO:TheJapaneseexpectedseverepunishment.TheysawMacArthurasaveryconservativerulerwhowouldmakeJapansuffer.MacArthurdidchargesomeJapaneseleaderswithwarcrimes.Buthedidnottrytopun

15、ishtheJapanesepeople.GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesetheymustchange,bothpoliticallyandsocially.Hebeganwitheducation.Beforethewar,femalechildreninJapanreceivedlittleifanyeducation.MacArthursaideducationwouldbeforeveryone,includinggirlsandwomen.Hesaidwomenmusthavetherighttovoteinelections,andbepermitte

16、dtoholdpoliticaloffice.HesaidJapanesewomenwouldnowhavethesamelegalrightsasmen.Andhesaidthateverypersonhadthesamelegalprotectionunderthelaw.VOICEONE:GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesepeopletheywerenowfreetoformpoliticalparties.Andheendedtheideaofanofficialgovernmentreligion.Religionwouldbeamatterofindividualchoice.HealsosaidtheJapanesegovernmentwouldnolongerbecontrolledbyafewpowerfulpeople.MacArthurtoldJapanitwouldnow