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1、SectionIIIGrammar复习被动语态和byv.-ing形式语境自主领悟先视察原句后自主感悟RiceisalsogrowninmanyotherAsiancountries.ResearcherswerebroughtinfromalloverChinatodevelopthenewsystem.(3)Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.InPakistanricewillbegrowninmanypartsofthecountry.ThenewhybridricehasbeendevelopedbytheYuanLongpingHigh-te
2、chAgriculturalCompanyofChina.Theshopclosesat6:OOpmeveryday.Theappletastesgood.Thenewproductbythecompanysellswell.Openthedoorbywindingthehandle.Peopleusuallygreeteachotherbyshakinghands.1 .句接受了一般现在时的被动语态,其构成形式为:am/is/are+done。2 .句接受了一般过去时的被动语态,其构成形式为:was/were+donn。3 .句分别用了一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。4 .句中谓语动词以主
3、动形式表示被动意义。5 .句中,by.-ing形式表示通过方式。语法精要点拨1 .各种时态的被动语态的构成被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者,只有及物动词才有被动语态,被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)一般现在时被动语态的构成:am/is/are+doneBeforeyouleavethelab,makesuretheelectricityisturnedoffandthewindowsareshut.在你离开试验室之前,要确保电源被切断,窗户被关好。(2)一般过去时被动语态的构成:was/were+doneTheforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcome
4、bytheChildren.孩子们热忱地欢迎外宾。(3)一般将来时被动语态的构成:shall/willbedoneMorespaceexplorationswillbemadeinthefuturebytheChinesepeople.中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探究。(4)现在进行时被动语态的构成:am/is/arebeing+doneTheyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouseisbeingrebuilt.他们现在短暂和父母一起居住,因为他们自己的房子正在重建。(5)过去进行时被动语态的构成:waswerebe
5、ing+doneAfterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated.放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。(6)现在完成时被动语态的构成:has/havebeen+done1.iHuahasbeenelectedmonitorofourclasstotaketheplaceofMaLi.李华己取代马丽,被选为我班班长。(7)过去完成时被动语态的构成:hadbeen+doneWhenwegotonthespotoftheaccident,weweretoldth
6、attheinjuredhadbeensenttothenearesthospital.当我们到达事故现场时,我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。(8)将来完成时被动语态的构成:willshallhavebeen+doneOnhernextbirthday,Annwillhavebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.到下一次过生日的时候,安结婚就要满二十年了。(9)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:情态动词+be+doneTheboyfeelshotontheforehead,sohemustbesenttohospitalatOnCe.这个男孩的额头摸起来发热,所以必需被马上送往医
7、院。即时训练1用所给词的被动语态填空MOreefforts,asreported,Winbemade(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructurereform.一Didyouenjoytheparty?Yes,weWereIreated(treat)wellbyourhosts.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeeneeached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.【导学号:12112030)2 .运用被动语态时应留意的状况不及物动词或动词短语无被动语
8、态(takeplace,breakout,cometrue,belongto,datefrom,happen等)。Afirebrokeoutinhishouseyesterday.昨天他家着火了。(2)含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时,介词或副词不行省略(lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,putoff,breakinto等)。Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里被照看得很好。(3)带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词变被动语态时,一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语,而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作
9、主语补足语)放在动词之后。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.-*Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanandtidybyus.我们总是保持教室干净而且整齐。名师点津see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to,但当主动语态变为被动语态时,不定式符号to必需加上。Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.-*Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了
10、。即时训练2完成句子这种活动每四年在不同的国家实行一次。ThegametakesUIaCCeveryfouryearsinadifferentcountry.我们在试验室做了许多好玩的试验。ManyinterestingexperimentsareCaITiedOUtinourlaboratory.我们经常听到他弹吉他。HeisOftenheardtoDlaytheguitar.那座古庙起源于明朝。TheoldtempledatesfromtheMingDynasty.3 .主动形式表示被动意义的用法(1)某些连系动词,如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,ProVe等,可
11、用主动形式表示被动意义,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。Thatdoglooksdangerous.那只狗看起来很紧急。(2)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词,如Jock,shut,open,move,read,write,selLwash,clean,catch,draw,cut,drink,eat等常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰,如Wel1,easily等。Theclothwasheswellandiscomfortabletowea*.这种布很简洁洗而且穿起来很舒适。(3)need,require,want,deserve等词,当主语为物
12、时,接动名词的主动形式,表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Theflowersneedwateringortheywilldie.=Theflowersneedtobewateredortheywilldie.这些花须要浇水,否则它们会死。(4)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.这本图画书很值得一读。(5)在“主语+be+形容词(+forsb.)+todo”结构中,句子的主语与构成不定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的形容词有:eas
13、y,hard,difficult,important,interesting,strange,impossible,comfortable,dangerous等。Thisarticleisdifculttoread.Ineedsomeonetoexplainittome.这篇文章很难读懂。我须要一个人给我说明一下。(6)不定式作定语修饰名词,与前面的名词有动宾关系,且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时,用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。Ihavealotofhomeworktodothisafternoon.今日下午我有许多的家庭作业要做。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.请给我些东
14、西吃。(7)某些动词不定式如toblame,toIet等,作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。Theboywastoblameforwhathehaddone.这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了指责(指责)。即时训练3用所给词的适当形式填空AMidsummerNightsDreamOPenS(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.(2)Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedrepairing(repair).Thestonei
15、sheavyfortheboytoIift(lift).4 .by+也-ing形式(1)by+o.-ing形式,表示以某种方式来达到某种目的Hepassedtheexambyworkinghard.通过努力学习,他通过了考试。(2)by表示“方式”的其他用法by+交通工具,如:bycarbusbikePlane等。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.我每天骑自行车去上学。by+the+具体的时间或度量名词,如bytheday/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen(按打)等。Heispaidbythehour.他按小时得到酬劳。即时训练4用bydoing形式改写下列句子YoUcanreachthereifyoutakeabus.fYoucanreachtherebyIakingabus.StudentsIeamthingswhentheydoexercisesafterschool.-*StudentslearnthingsbydoingexercisesafterSChooL【导学号:12112031】语法应用落实I.单句语法填空