英语四级语法.pptx

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1、英语语法abandonv. 丢弃，放弃，抛弃ban 禁止,禁令Super scholar? rich redneck?We will never abandon our principles.n. 放任，纵情People are rocking with abandon.access n. 接近，入口，打开我这里上不了网I cant access the web/the internet here.I dont have access to that room.He is a man of easy access.accomplishv. 完成；实现；达到This task is accomp

2、lished by great effort.If we work together, I think we could accomplish our plete 完成achieve 实现（美好的）achieve successachievement 成就 astonisheda.惊讶的astonishmentn. 吃惊amazev. 使惊奇， 使惊愕be amazed at 惊讶于amazinga. 惊人的，令人深刻的amazinglyadv. 惊人地，十分地主谓一致 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数

3、形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important. 注意：在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。当主语由and连接时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，

4、即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were注：由and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each，every, no修饰时，其谓语用单数形式。2.主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持

5、一致。例如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class。2）当eitheror与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some

6、paper for you. 3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词语构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4. 谓语需用单数的情况 1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, ever

7、y时, 谓语需用单数。例如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is e

8、nough. 5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如： All is right. 一切顺利。All are present. 人都到齐了。 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如： His family isnt very large. Hi

9、s family are music lovers. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any police around? 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如： A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The number of the students in o

10、ur class is 50. 6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况 1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of ，分数所在of短语，等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of（一组人） 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常

11、用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more thanof 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for

12、different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 2. Email, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are

13、 C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having6. Nobody _ seen the film. Its a pity. A. but Tom and Jack have B. except

14、 Tom and Jack have C. but my friends has D. but I have7.No teacher and no student _ A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting8. The writer and singer _ here. A. is B. are C. were D. do英语从句LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET CONSECTETUER名词性从句1定语从句2状语从句3ENGLISHCONTENTS名词性从句1表语从句宾语从句主语从句定语

15、从句 表语从句 1 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 表语是什么？ 表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰主语，表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词之后。在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。 系动词是什么？ 系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb），是用来帮助说明主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说

16、明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的主要分类：1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lay, stand, 例如：He always keeps silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如：His plan tu