SAT基础知识.ppt

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1、SAT基础知识基础知识SATSAT语法简介语法简介属于属于writing板块板块Section 1 (25 分钟）分钟）-写作写作essaySection ? (25 分钟）分钟）-35 题题 (11 +18 +6 )Section 10 （10分钟）分钟）-14 题题 （IS)SATSAT的语法规则的语法规则 “the rules of good written English”“the rules of good written English”准确，清晰，简洁，杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余。准确，清晰，简洁，杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余。 简洁有效简洁有效 SAT语法考试的三大重点内容语法规则语法规

2、则 常考的语法规则包括主谓一致、句子结构、谓语动词形式、非谓语动词形式、比较结构、平行结构、修饰结构。 词的使用词的使用 词的使用包括次的标准书面用法、简洁的习惯搭配、词的位置准确，避免词与词的语义重复 逻辑表达逻辑表达 逻辑表达的简洁性、逻辑意思的合理性和单一性。题型题型Improving Sentences 句子改进题句子改进题 (IS)-25道题道题Identifying Sentences Errors 挑错题挑错题 (IE)-18道题道题Improving Paragraphs 段落改进题段落改进题 (IP)-6道题道题IEISIP语法题型范围关系图语法题型范围关系图语法语法SECT

3、IONSECTION时间分配时间分配 授课思路授课思路IE题：动词考点题：动词考点主谓一致主谓一致1. 插入语插入语E.G. Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3) 釜底抽薪，要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分，找到中心的主语

4、。找出主谓宾找出主谓宾1. Many nations, and the United Nations itself, have issued stamps that commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the UN charter. 3. The report Alexahder is discussing, a report prepared jointly by him and the committee,does not take into account the socioeconomic status of t

5、hose interviewed. 3. Pearl Buck, one of the most popular writers of her DAY, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China4. The regulations aimed at reducing the airpollution require us to take bus instead of driving a car.主谓一致主谓一致2. there be 句型中，要看句型中，要看there be 后面的名词是单数还是复数

6、后面的名词是单数还是复数e.g. In the modern society, there is (A) a general debate about the new technology, which(B) has dramatically (C) transformed peoples life for the better, and strong opposition to (D) its use. No error.(E)主谓一致主谓一致3. of结构的考查结构的考查 N1 of N2， 谓语动词和谓语动词和 N1保持一致保持一致e.g. The bright (A) fibergla

7、ss sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P161.1)主谓一致主谓一致4.倒装句倒装句-要看动词后面的成分，不要被动词前面的成分迷惑要看动词后面的成分，不要被动词前面的成分迷惑e.g. Beside Susan_Mary and Tom. (be)地点状语地点状语+动词动词+主语主语only置于句首的倒装置于句首的倒装 例：In the f

8、oothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19)例：Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollutio

9、n become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6)主谓一致主谓一致5. 强调句型强调句型-对主语进行强调时，要记住对主语进行强调时，要记住who后面谓语的单复数和后面谓语的单复数和其前面的主语保持一致其前面的主语保持一致e.g.It was Mary who _ the job well.(do)主谓一致主谓一致6. “”结构作主语时，谓语用单数，结构作主语时，谓语用单数，“”就要用复数谓就要用复数谓语。语。e.g.One of the artists in this show_from China. (be)主谓一致主谓一致7. 单个的动名词或动词不定式作主

10、语，谓语动词用单数，如用单个的动名词或动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，如用连连接俩个以上的成分，才用复数。接俩个以上的成分，才用复数。e.g.Reading _ a good way to broaden our knowledge of this world. (be)Reading and Writing _ good ways .主谓一致主谓一致8. 单个的名词从句作主语时，谓语用单数；如果用单个的名词从句作主语时，谓语用单数；如果用或或连接俩个以上的成分作主语，谓语用复数。连接俩个以上的成分作主语，谓语用复数。e.g.How and when to build the new bui

11、lding _not decided yet. (be)whether well go help him and how we can help _ different. (be)名词性从句（陈述语序）名词性从句（陈述语序）在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词从句。可充当主语主语，宾语，表语，同位语，介词宾语等SAT考试中常考考试中常考主语性名词从句主语性名词从句-主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句从属连词从属连词that （无含义，不做成分，但不能省）（无含义，不做成分，但不能省）that computers have changed our life is known to everyone从

12、属连词从属连词whether （表示（表示是否是否， 不可换成不可换成if）校长是否支持我们还是个问题校长是否支持我们还是个问题连接代词连接代词what （表示（表示所所.的的， 在从句中做主，宾，表语成分）在从句中做主，宾，表语成分）what i cant understand is why he is often absent from school.what parents say and do has a long effect on their children.what matters most in lerning English is enough practice.主语从句主

13、语从句连接代词连接代词whatever 在从句中当主语，宾语在从句中当主语，宾语表示“无论什么”=anything thatwhatever was said here must be kept a secret.whatever David says sounds right to me主语从句主语从句连接代词连接代词who，充当主语，充当主语谁是下一任市长还是个未知数。连接代词连接代词whoever，无论谁，无论谁=anyone who不管是谁破坏了学校规则都要受到惩罚主语从句主语从句连接代词连接代词which，哪一个哪一个Which class will be No.1 remains

14、to be seen.连接副词连接副词when，where，how，why充当时间，地点，方式原因状语充当时间，地点，方式原因状语when the class will begin is clear to everyone.你是哪里出生的并不重要How you dress reflects your personality.Why she dresses so beautifully is an open secret.主谓一致主谓一致9. 1)有时用有时用AND连接的俩名词指的同一个人，同一个事件，而且连接的俩名词指的同一个人，同一个事件，而且AND后面的名词前又无冠词，谓语应用单数；后面的

15、名词前又无冠词，谓语应用单数；e.g. A writer and translator is . 2)如果后面那个名词前面加上个冠词，主语则变成了复数，谓语要如果后面那个名词前面加上个冠词，主语则变成了复数，谓语要用复数。用复数。e.g. A writer and a translator are. 3)如果如果AND后面的名词前加了个后面的名词前加了个NOT，主语又会边成单数，谓语动，主语又会边成单数，谓语动词又要变成单数形式，词又要变成单数形式，e.g. The farmer, and not the city dweller, is hurt when food price falls.

16、主谓一致主谓一致10. 单数主语由下列词组修饰时，谓语不受这些修饰词组的影响，仍用单数主语由下列词组修饰时，谓语不受这些修饰词组的影响，仍用单数形式：单数形式： ALONG WITH ，AS WELL AS，ACCOMPANIED BY，BESIDES， COMBINED WITH，IN ADDTION TO，INCLUDING， RATHERE THAN（而不是）， NO LESS THAN（与-一样），TOGETHER WITH（与在一起），WITH，FOR EXAMPLE，e.g.He, rather than Jane, does the job.主谓一致主谓一致11. 就近原则：就近原则： 由下列连词连接俩个名词作主语，谓语要与其相邻的词保持一致。 EITHER-OR，NETHER-NOR，NOT ONLY-BUT ALSO，e.g. Either offices or the classroom needs cleaning. Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the