Combating malaria the devil is in the molecular details中英文对照.docx

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1、TextCCombatingma1.aria:thedevi1.isinthemo1.ecu1.ardetai1.s1. Ma1.ariaiscausedbyparasites(hatareransni(ied(opeop1.ethroughthebi1.esofinfectedfema1.emsquitocs.P.fa1.ciparumisthemostdead1.ynakiriaparasiteandIhemostpreva1.entinAfrica,where11u1.ariacasesanddeathsarcheavi1.yconcentrated,*hcfirstsymptomsof

2、ma1.aria-fever,hciidachc,chi1.1.sandvomiting-usua1.1.yappearbetweenIOand15daysafterthemosquitobi1.e.Withoutprompt(reatment,P.fa1.ciwrumma1.ariacanprogress(oseverei1.1.nessanddeath.疟疾是由体内寄生虫导致的疾病，感染了这种寄生虫的WB性蚊F通过叮咬将K传播给人类.恶性疟原虫是最致命的疟疾寄生虫.它在非洲最为流行.导致非洲成了疟疾病例及共死亡扃例的集中地疟疾的最初症状是发烧、头痛、恋战和呕吐，通常在蚊子叮咬后10到15天

3、出现。如果不及时治疗，恶性疟原虫疟疾会进展为严Hi的疾病，收至是死亡。2. WHOrecommendsamu1.ti-prongedstrategyIoprevent,contro1.ande1.iminatema1.aria.Keyinterventionsinc1.ude:theuseofinsecticide*treatedmosquitonetsandindoorresidua1.spraying,diagnostic1.es1.ing.andtreatmentofconfinnedcaseswitheffectiveanti-ma1.aria1.medicines.IncccMyea

4、rs,thesemeasureshavedramatica1.1.y1.oweredIhCma1.ariaburdeninmanysettings.Ma1.ariatransmissioncon1.inuesinmanyCOUfnrieSaroundthewor1.dhowever,andcauseshundredsofthousands,ofdeathseachyear.世卫组织建议采取多管齐下的策略来预防、控制和消除疟疾.主要干修措施包括：使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊怅及采取室内滞留喷洒措倦、诊断检验，使用有效的抗疟药治疗确渗病例，近年来这些措施在许多地方都显著降低了疟疾造成的负担.然而.在世界上

5、许多国家.疟疾的传播仍在继续，年造成数十万人死亡。3. Ma1.ariaremainsascourge,especia1.1.yforchi1.dren,andthe1.andscapeofcontro1.1.ing(hedisease,much1.esseradicatingi(,issti1.1.daunting.In20()7,Bi1.1.andMe1.indaGatesca1.1.edong1.oba1.1.eaders(oembracefcanHUdHCioUSgoa1.toIVi1.Chadaywhennohumanbeinghasma1.aria,andnomosquitoone

6、arthisCarryingit/A1.thoughn1.ariaeradicationisun1.ike1.ytohearoundthecorner,eno11nxsstrides1.vebeenmadeinundent1.andingbo1.h711thanniversaryof(hepub1.icationof(hegcnmicscqucnccsofbothP1.astu1.iumfa1.ciparumandAnophe1.esganbiac.whichhavecontributedenormous1.ytoourunderstandingoftheseorganisms.疟疾仍然是一种

7、祸害,尤其是对儿童来说.不要说根除疟疾.就连控制这种疾病的前景也十分不乐观.2007年比尔施茨夫妇呼吁全球领导人接受一个大胆的目标一不再有人患疟疾、地球卜.没有携带疟疾的蚊F.虽然近期不太可旎根除疟疾.但在疟原虫及其蚊媒按蚊生物学方面已经取寿了巨大的进步”2012年是芯性疟原虫和按蚊的基因组序列发表十周年纪念,基因纲序列的发表极大地促进了我们对这些生物的理解，4. ThisTrendsinParasito1.ogySpccia1.Issue-BreakingBurners:A1.eapAheadinP1.asmcxiiumBio1.ogywasinspiredbythe2012fou11hMo

8、1.ecu1.arAppnxichestoMakia(MM)conference,whichwasrecent1.yhe1.dinthebeautifu1.settingof1.omeonthesoutherncoastofAustra1.ia.Thisconferencebug1.11togethera1.1.facetsofma1.ariabio1.ogy,and(hequa1.ityof(hesciencexesen(edwasoutstanding-whatfo1.1.owsisbutabriefg1.impse.最近在风景秀丽的澳大利亚南部海岸的罗恩举行2012笫四届疟疾分子生物学方

9、法(MAM)大会加剧了寄生虫学这一趋势：特殊问题-打破壁垒：疟原虫生物学的飞氏,本次会议汇集了疟疾生物学的各个方面,会议上提交的科研成果质量突出，但下面的是一个简短的一瞥，5. Wcwi1.1.beginwiththemosquitovector,anessentia1.e1.ementofthePiasmodiioftparasite1.ifecyc1.e.A1.thoughinsecticidesax1.bedneusearecrucia1.incontro1.1.ingma1.aria*reducingorb1.ockingtransmissionoftheparasitesfrommo

10、squitoestothehumanhostisanareaofintensei11(est.Sindenea1.,exp1.aintransmissionbio1.ogyanddiscusstheprosandconsofdifferentIabonHOrYassaysthatmeasuretransmission.Understandingtheinteractionbetweentheparasitesandtheirvectorsisa1.soessentia1.SomeParaSi1.eSaher(hebehaviorof(heirhosts(oincrease(heirtransm

11、ission,andCatore1.a1.exp1.ore(hepossibi1.itythatP1.asnurdiunxparasitesmanipu1.atethebehaviorofmosquitoes(obenefitparasitetmnsmission.我们将从蚊媒一蚊子数体入手，蚊媒是疟原虫的生命周期的一个曳要环节.虽然杀虫剂和蚊帐的使用对控制疟疾至关重要被少或阻断寄生虫从蚊子到人类宿主的传指仍然是一个卜分有意义的研窕领域.辛东等人解糅了传播生物学，讨论了不同的实验室测量传播方法的利弊C/解寄生虫和它们的载体之间的相互作用也是必不可少的，为了增加传指有些寄生虫可改变宿生的行为.C

12、aior等人探索了疟原虫操纵蚊子行为以利其自身传播的可能性，6. Movinginto(hehost,dynamicandhighreso1.utionimagingbyDixonea1.has1.itera1.1.ygiveninsightintohowandwhyP.fa1.ciparumgametocytesundergoastrikingchangeinshapeduringmaturationwhereastherigidityofear1.ysiageganeigyiesprobab1.yaidssequestrationatsitesof1.owbkx1.-11ow.Iatc-S

13、tagcgametocytesarcf1.exib1.eandarcab1.etocircu1.ateintheb1.oodstream,bypassingmechanica1.fi1.teringmechanismsin(hesp1.eenofhehost.Iiueres1.ing1.y,asimi1.arprocessmayofferprotectionfromma1.ariainindividua1.swhohavehemog1.obinopathies(suchassick1.ece1.1.diseaseand-and-tha1.assemia.Cjtoadhesionofinfect

14、ederj1.hrocyteswithintheb1.oodstream,avoidingpassagethroughthesp1.een(andfi1.teringmechanisms),isassociatedwithPathOIogyofma1.aria.Cyrk1.affea1.describetheimpairedcytoadhesionphenotypeofmtcctcdsick1.ece1.1.and-tha!assemicerythrocytesduetohostactinremode1.ing,whicha1.1.owsbypassofsp1.enicfi1.tering.狄

15、克逊等人的动态和岛分辨率成像可以使人类“进入”蚊子体内世界，从而洞察到恶性定原业死子体在成熟过程中形态如何以及为何发生显著变化:虽然早期配子体的刚度可能有助于它们在低血流量位过上封存,后期限子却是灵活的，可在血液中循环流动,能峡通过其宿主弹肮的过滤机制。有趣的是,血红蛋白疾病(如跺状细恂病和和B地中海贫血)患者体内有类似的机制可以使它们对疟疾免及C在血流中被盛染的红细胞粘附在一起，从而无法逋过脾(过沌机制)，这是一个有关疟疾病理学的问题，Cyrkhiff等人描述了由于宿主(寄生我体)肌动蛋白曳型受损导致感染定原虫的发型源状细胞和Q地中海黄血红细胞的细胞粘附受损，从而可以通过睥脏过游系统。7.

16、Gcnomicandproteomicana1.ysisofP1.asmodiumspeciescontinuestoexpandourUiKkfSUtiK1.ingattheInO1.eCUIar1.eve1.,and(hiswi1.1.assistIhediscoveryofnewdrugIargeIs.Improvementingenomictechno1.ogieshasa1.1.owedHoCijmI1.kCrSeta1.toprobeepigeneticmechanismsthatregu1.atechromatinsrctu代andaffectthedeve1.opmentandsurviva1.ofP1.asnufdiumwithinthehuma