Lord-of-the-Flies-蝇王.docx

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1、1.ordoftheFlies1.ordoftheFliesisanovelbyNobelPrize-winningauthorWilliamGolding.ItisaboutagroupofBritishschlboysstuckonadesertedislandwhotrytogovernthemselves,withdisastrousresults.Itsstancesonthealreadycontroversialsubjectsofhumannatureandindividualwelfareversusthecommongoodearneditposition68ontheAm

2、erican1.ibraryAssociation,slistofthe100mostfrequentlychallengedbooksof1990-1999.Publishedin1954,1.ordoftheFlieswasGoldingsfirstnovel,inresponsetoTheCoralIsland.BackgroundItisverysubtlyindicatedthatthebooktakesplaceinthemidstofanunspecifiednuclearwar,perhapsimplicitlyrelatingthesavageryofthechildrenc

3、haracterstothewarfareofadults.Someofthecharactersmaroonedareordinarystudents,whileothersarriveasamusicalchoirunderanestablishedleader.Mostwiththeexceptionofthechoirboys)appearnevertohaveencounteredeachotherbefore.Thebookportraystheirdescentintosavagery;lefttothemselvesinaparadisaicalcountry,farfromm

4、oderncivilization,thewell-educatedchildrenregresstoaprimitivestate.Atanallegoricallevel,thecentralthemeistheconflictingimpulsestowardcivilizationlivebyrules,peacefullyandinharmonyandtowardsthewilltopower.Differentsubjectsincludethetensionbetweengroupthinkandindividuality,betweenrationalandemotionalr

5、eactions,andbetweenmoralityandimmorality.HowtheseVout,andhowdifferentpeoplefeeltheinfluencesofthese,formsamajorsubtextof1.ordoftheFlies.PlotsummaryInthemidstofawartimeevacuation,aBritishplanecrashesonanisolatedisland.Theonlysurvivorsareallmalechildrenbelowage13.Twoboys,thefair-hairedRalphandanoverwe

6、ight,bespectacledboyreluctantlynicknamedPiggyfindaconchwhichRalphusesasahorntobringallthesurvivorstoonearea.Twodominantboysemergeduringthemeeting:Ralph,andJackMerridew,aredheadwhoistheleaderofachoirgroupthatwa$amongthesurvivors.Ralphisvotedchief,losingonlythevotesofJacksfellowchoirboys.Ralphassertst

7、wogoals:havefun,andworktowardrescuebymaintainingaconstantfiresignal.TheycreatethefirewithPiggysglasses,and,foratime,theboysworktogether.Jackorganizeshischoirgroupintothegroupshunters,whoareresponsibleforhuntingformeat.RaIphrJack,andablack-hairedboynamedSimonsoonbecomethesupremetrioamongthechildren.P

8、iggy,themostsensibleofthebunch,isquicklyoutcastbyhisfellowbigunstheolderboys)andbecomesanunwillingsourceofmirthfortheotherchildren.Simon,inadditiontosupervisingtheprojectofconstructingshelters,feelsaninstinctiveneedtoprotecttheyoungerboys.TheoriginalsemblanceoforderimposedbyRalphquicklydeterioratesa

9、sthemajorityoftheboysturnidle.Atonepoint.Jacksummonsallofhishunterstohuntdownawildpig,includingthosewhoweresupposedtobemaintainingthefire.Ashipapproaches,butpassesbybecausethesignalfirehasgoneout.Althoughthehuntingofthepigturnsouttobethehuntersfirstsuccessfulhunt,Ralphisinfuriatedthattheyhavemisseda

10、potentialrescue.Aroundthesametime,manyoftheyoungpeoplebegintobelievethattheislandisinhabitedbyamonster,referredtoasthebeast.Jackgainscontrolofthediscussionbyboldlypromisingtokillthebeast.1.ater,Ralphenvisagesrelinquishinghisposition,thoughPiggydiscourageshimfromdoingsowhilethetwoofthemandSimonyearnh

11、opefullyforsomeguidancefromtheadultworld.AfterSamandEricreportpossiblyseeingthebeastatopamountain,RalphandJackinvestigate;theyencounterthecorpseandtheopenparachuteofafighterpilotwhohaslandedontheislandandmistakeitasthebeastasleep.Jackassemblesthechildrenwiththeconchandconfirmsthebeastsexistencetothe

12、m.Themeetingresultsinaschism,splittingthechildrenintotwogroups.Ralphsgroupfocusesonpreservingthesignalfire.Jackbecomesthechiefofhisowntribe,whichfocusesonhuntingwhileexploitingtheiron-cladbeliefinthebeast.AsJackandthehuntershavealreadyslaintheirfirstpig,theyofferpromisesofmeat,fun,andprotectionfromt

13、hebeast.Jackstribegraduallybecomesmoreanimalistic,applyingfacepainttoliberatetheirinnersavageswhiletheyhunt.Thefacepaintbecomesamotifwhichrecursthroughoutthestory,withmoreandmoreintensitytowardtheend.Simon,apartofRalphstribe,whohadcrackedandwentofflookingforthebeastbyhimself,findstheheadofthehunters

14、deadpigonastick,leftasanofferingtothebeast.Simonenvisionsthepighead,swarmingwithscavengingflies,asthe1.ordoftheFliesandbelievesthatitistalkingtohim.SimonhearsthepigidentifyingitselfastherealBeastanddisclosingthetruthaboutitselfthattheboysthemselvescreatedthebeast,andthattherealbeastwasinsidethemall.

15、Simonalsolocatesthedeadparachutistwhohadbeenmistakenforthebeast,andisthesolememberofthegrouptorecognizethatitisacadaverinsteadofasleepingmonster.SimonattemptstoalertJackstribethatthebeastisnothingmorethanacadaver.WhiletryingtotellJackstribeofthisfact,SimoniscaughtinaringduringaprimaldanceandJackstri

16、bebeatshimtodeath,withRalph,Piggy,Sam,andEricintheringalso.Ralph,Piggy,Sam,andEriclatertrytoconvincethemselvesthattheydidnottakepartinthemurder.JackstribethenraidRalphscamptostealPiggysglasses.RalphstribejourneystoJackstribeatCastleRocktotrytogetbackPiggysglasses.Intheensuingconfrontation,RogerdropsarockonPiggykillinghimandtheconchisshattered.SamandEricarecapturedandtorturedintojoiningJackstribe.Ralphisforcedtoflee.Thefollow