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1、美国名人哲学家、小说家安兰德AynRand,1905-1982:AmericansStillDebateHerBooksandIdeasplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:24repeatBySarahRandle2010-6-5Photo:aynrand.orgAynRandattheHollywoodStudioClubSTEVEEMBER:ImSteveEmber.BARBARAK1.ElN:Andl,mBarbaraKleinwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutthelifeandwri
2、tingsofAynRand.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Althoughshediedmorethantwenty-fiveyearsago,manyAmericansstillargueaboutAynRand.Morethantwentymillioncopiesofherbookshavebeensoldaroundtheworld.Manypeoplesayherbooksarepoorlywritten.Butpeoplestillbuyhundredsofthousandsofcopiesofthemeachyear.Peoplealsocontinuetotalkabo
3、utherideasandherinterestinglife.BARBARAK1.EIN:Innineteen-oh-five,AlisaRosenbaumwasbornintheRussiancityofSaintPetersburg.Asayoungchild,Alisalovedbooks.Shebegantowriteherownstorieswhenshewasonlysevenyearsold.WhentheRussianRevolutionbeganinnineteenseventeen,theRosenbaumfamilyfledtotheRussianstateofCrim
4、ea.ThisexperiencewasimportantinAlisaslife.Itstartedherhatredofcollectivism.Collectivismisthesystemofownershipandcontrolofthemeansofproductionbythepeoplecollectively,usuallyunderthesupervisionofagovernment.Aftertherevolution,AlisareturnedtoSaintPetersburg,nowcalledPetrograd,toattendcollege.Shetookcla
5、ssesinpolitics,history,law,andwriting.Innineteentwenty-six,shetraveledtotheUnitedStatestovisitfamilymembers.STEVEEMBER:SoonaftershearrivedintheUnitedStateszAlisadecidedshewouldneverleave.ShealsodecidedtochangehernametoAynRand.ShesaidRandwastakenfromtheRussianalphabetspellingofRosenbaum.Shesaidshecho
6、seAynafterthenameofawriterfromFinland.Newlynamed,RandmovedtoHollywood,Californiatoworkinthemoviebusiness.ShemetandmarriedactorFrankO1Connorinnineteentwenty-nine.Throughoutthenineteenthirties,OConnoractedandRandwrote.Shepublishedtwobooksduringtheseyears,butdidnotearnmuchcriticalorpopularrecognition.a
7、ynrand.orgRandsfamousbookTheFountainheadwaspublishedinnineteenforty-three.BARBARAK1.ElN:Then,innineteenforty-three,RandsfamousbookTheFountainheadwaspublished.Ittookhersevenyearstowritethenovel.Twelvepublishersrejectedthebook.However,amannamedArchibaldOgdenlovedthestoryandconvincedtheBobbs-Merrillcom
8、panytopublishit.TheFountainheadbecameahugesuccessaroundtheworld.Ithassoldmorethansixmillioncopies.Itcontinuestosellaboutonehundredthousandcopieseachyear.TheFountainheadtellsthestoryofayoungbuildingdesignernamedHowardRoark.Roarkwantstobuildinteresting,modern-lookingbuildings.However;mostpeopleonlywan
9、ttoseetraditionaldesigns.Roarklovesdesigningandbuildingmorethananythingintheworld.Butherefusestocompromiseandmakebuildingshehates.SeveralpeopleworkagainstRoarkandhisgoals.Butintheend,Roarksucceeds.TheFountainheadisanunusualnovelformanyreasons.Itismorethansevenhundredpageslong,farlongerthanmostbooksp
10、eoplereadforentertainment.Italsoincludesdiscussionsofphilosophy,whicharenotusuallyfoundinpopularbooks.Inaddition,thebookcriticizescollectivismandreligioninawaythatmanypeoplehavefoundinsulting.MostcriticsdidnotlikeTheFountainhead.Butreaderslovedit.Innineteenforty-nineitwasmadeintoapopularmovie.Randwr
11、otethescreenplay.GaryCooperandPatriciaNealstarredinthemovie.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Afterthemoviewasreleased,AynRandandFrankOConnormovedtoNewYorkCity.Theystartedhavingweeklymeetingsforfriendsintheirapartment.Soon,thegatheringsbecamemoreserious.Themembersdiscussedphilosophicalideasandbeganwritingaboutthem.
12、ThegroupdecidedtocallitselftheCollective.Thenamewasmeanttobeajoke,becauseallofthemembershatedcollectivism.AlanGreenspanzwhowouldlaterbecomechairmanoftheFederalReserve,waspartofthisgroup.TheCollectiveworkedtogethertoformthedetailsofRandsphilosophy,whichtheycalledObjectivism.Objectivismisabouttheimpor
13、tanceoftheindividualandreasonablethought.Randbelievedthatpeoplemustchoosetheirvaluesandactionsthroughreason.Shebelievedthattheindividualhasarighttoexistforhisorherownself.TheCollectivealsohelpedRandeditherbookAtlasShrugged,whichwaspublishedinnineteenfifty-seven.BARBARAK1.EIN:AtlasShruggedissetinthen
14、earfuture.TheAmericaneconomyandsocietyarestartingtocollapseundertheinfluenceofbiggovernment.TheUnitedStatesisanationoffailingbusinesses,closedfactoriesandangrycitizens.Asmallgroupofthinkers,artists,scientistsandindustrialleadersdisappearsfromsociety.TheyfleetoahiddenvalleyinColorado.Heretheyestablis
15、hanewcommunitybasedoncapitalismwithoutgovernmentcontrol.TheheroineofthebookisDagnyTaggartwhoownsalargerailroadcompany.Shestrugglestokeepherbusinessaliveandsavethecountrywhilesocietyiscollapsingaroundher.AtlasShruggedismorethanonethousandpages,oneofthelongestnovelseverwritten.AynRandsaidthatAtlasShru
16、ggedfullydefinedherphilosophyofObjectivism.Shewroteattheendofthebook:Myphilosophy.istheconceptofmanasaheroicbeing,withhisownhappinessasthemoralpurposeofhislife,withproductiveachievementashisnoblestactivity;andreasonashisonlyabsolute.aynrand.orgAynRandisstilloneofthemostloved,andhated,Americanthinkers.STEVEEMBER:RandthoughtAtlasShruggedwasthemostimportantbookeverwritten.Thecriticsdidn
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