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1、uaidfrom the British peopteBETTERASSISTANCEINCRISESRESEARCHTargetinginProtractedCrises:NigerCaseStudyFredMerttens5LouisHodeyandAlexandraDoyleDecember2023ImplementedbyinstHutofdvlopnfftttudiBetterAssistanceinCrises(BASIC)Research(fundedbyUKaid)aimstoinformpolicyandprogrammingonhowtohelppoorandvulnera
2、blepeoplepebetterwithcrisesandmeettheirbasicneedsthroughmoreeffectivesocialassistance.AllcostsrelatedtoBASICResearcharecoveredbytheUKForeign,Commonwealth&DevelopmentOffice(FCDO).Formoreinformationabouttheprogramme,visitBASlCReSearChLinkedmandBASlCReSearChOPenDoCSCollection.SummaryTargetingsocialassi
3、stanceinsituationsofprotractedconflict,displacementorrecurrentclimateshockssothatitreachesthosemostinneedinatimelyandeffectivemanner,andwithoutdoingfurtherharm,isacomplextechnicalandpoliticalchallengefordevelopmentandhumanitarianactorsacrossgovernmentandnon-governmentsectors.Trade-OffSinvolvingcosts
4、beyondtheeconomic-suchasriskofexclusion,andconcernsoverprotectionandsocialcohesion-raisekeyquestionsaboutwhototarget,howtotargetorwhethertotargetatall(i.e.throughuniversalcoverageorlotteries).Whiletargetingeffectivenessisfairlywellresearchedinstabledevelopmentcontexts,thereismuchlessunderstandingand
5、evidenceaboutwhatworksbestinprotractedcrisissettings.ThispaperisoneofthreecountrycasestudiescoveringEthiopia,Niger,andNigeria.Eachcasestudyfocusesonaspecifictimeperiodtodemonstratehowthechallengeoftargetingmightbeapproachedinsituationsofprotractedcrisesbasedonactualhistoricalexamples.Theobjectiveoft
6、hisapproachistogenerateinsightsonthetopicoftargetinginacomparativewayandbyconsideringvulnerabilityasadynamiccondition.ThecasestudieswillbeusedtoproduceasynthesispaperthatwillbringfindingstogethertodrawoutgenerallessonsIortargetingsocialassistanceincrisiscontexts.Thiscasestudyfocusesonthe2012Saheldro
7、ught,whichproducedafoodsecurityemergencyinNiger.Usingtwoyearsofpaneldata(2011and2014)fromeithersideofthe2012droughtcrisisintheSahel,weanalysewhowasaffectedbytheshockandhowtheywereimpacted.Weusethedatatomodelthenotionalperformanceofdifferentpotentialtargetingapproaches-hadtheybeenusedatthetime-toindi
8、catethetypesofchoicesandtrade-offsthatmaybenecessarywhenselectingappropriatetargetingcriteriaforresponsestosimilarcrisesinthefuture.Finally,wealsoconsiderthestatusofenablingconditions(suchasmobilephonenetworkandelectricitycoverage)forimplementingdifferenttargetingapproachesinshock-responsivesocialas
9、sistance.AbouttheauthorsFredMerttensisaseniorresearcherspecialisedinpovertyanalysisandsocialprotectionpolicy.Hehasover16years1experiencedesigningandleadingmultidisciplinaryappliedresearchprojectsforpublicpolicyreformforarangeofinternationaldevelopmentorganisations,governmentsandnon-governmentalorgan
10、isationsinAfrica,theMiddleEast,CentralAsiaandEurope.FredisTechnicalLeadonthetargetingworkstreamfortheBASICResearchprogramme.1.ouisHodeyisadevelopmentresearcherspecialisinginrurallivelihoodstudies,povertyanalysis,impactevaluations,socialprotection,agriculturalcommercialisationandclimatechange.Hehasov
11、ertenyears,experienceindesigningandimplementingmultidisciplinaryresearchindevelopingcountriesincludingBurkinaFaso,Colombia,Ethiopia,Ghana,Mali,Niger,NigeriaandZimbabwe.Mostrecently,LouisworkedasaPrincipalResearchAssistantattheInstituteofStatistical,SocialandEconomicResearch,UniversityofGhana.Louisis
12、aquantitativeresearcheronthetargetingworkstreamfortheBASICResearchprogrammeattheInstituteofDevelopmentStudies.AlexandraDoyleisaninternationaldevelopmentresearcherspecialisinginsocialprotectionpolicyandmonitoringandevaluation.ShehasworkedonarangeofprojectsacrossAfrica,AsiaandtheMiddleEast,includingth
13、eGambia,Kenya,Lebanon,Mozambique,Nepal,Nigeria,SierraLeone,SouthAfrica,Thailand,ZambiaandZimbabwe.MostrecentlyAlexwasMonitoringandEvaluationDeputyDirectorfortheWesternCapeGovernment,SouthAfrica.ExecutivesummaryIntroductionTheBetterAssistanceinCrises(BASIC)Research,systemsfordesignanddelivery*themein
14、cludesatargetingworkstreamthatlooksathowtomakethedesignanddeliveryofsocialassistanceprogrammesmoreeffectiveandresponsiveincrisiscontexts.Thisworkstreamaimstoproducefouroutputs,comprisingthreecountrycasestudies-coveringEthiopia,Niger,andNigeria-andasynthesispaperthatwillbringthefindingsfromthecasestu
15、diestogethertodrawoutgenerallessonsTortargetingsocialassistanceincrisiscontexts.Thefindingsfromthecasestudiesareintendedtoinformgloballearning,anddecisionmakersingovernments,developmentpartners,internationalfinancialinstitutions,andhumanitarianactorswhoareinvolvedinthedesignanddeliveryofsocialassist
16、anceprogrammesinsituationsofprotractedcrises.Eachcountrycasestudywillfocusonaspecificperiodtodemonstratehowthechallengeoftargetingmightbeapproachedinsituationsofprotractedcrisesbasedonanactualhistoricalexample.TheobjectiveofthisapproachistogenerateinsightsonthetopicOftargetinginacomparativewayandbyconsideringvulnerabilitytosuchcrisesasadynamiccondition.ThiscountrycasestudyreportfocusesonNiger.Itconcentratesonthespecificfoodinsecuritycrisis
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