美国名人哲学家、小说家安·兰德.docx

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1、美国名人哲学家、小说家安兰德AynRand,1905-1982:AmericansStillDebateHerBooksandIdeasplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:29repeatBySarahRandle2007-3-10VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthelifeandwritingsofAynRand.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Althoughshediedmorethantwen

2、ty-fiveyearsago,manyAmericansstillargueaboutAynRand.Morethantwentymillioncopiesofherbookshavebeensoldaroundtheworld.Manypeoplesayherbooksarepoorlywritten.Butpeoplestillbuyhundredsofthousandsofcopiesofthemeachyear.Peoplealsocontinuetotalkaboutherideasandherinterestinglife.VOICETWO:Innineteen-oh-five,

3、AlisaRosenbaumwasbornintheRussiancityofSaintPetersburg.Asayoungchild,Alisalovedbooks.Shebegantowriteherownstorieswhenshewasonlysevenyearsold.WhentheRussianRevolutionbeganinnineteenseventeen,theRosenbaumfamilyfledtotheRussianstateofCrimea.ThisexperiencewasimportantinAlisaslife.Itstartedherhatredofcol

4、lectivism.Collectivismisthesystemofownershipandcontrolofthemeansofproductionbythepeoplecollectively,usuallyunderthesupervisionofagovernment.Aftertherevolution,AlisareturnedtoSaintPetersburg,nowcalledPetrograd,toattendcollege.Shetookclassesinpolitics,history,law,andwriting.Innineteentwenty-six,shetra

5、veledtotheUnitedStatestovisitfamilymembers.VOICEONE:SoonaftershearrivedintheUnitedStates,Alisadecidedshewouldneverleave.ShealsodecidedtochangehernametoAynRand.ShesaidRandwastakenfromtheRussianalphabetspellingofRosenbaum.ShesaidshechoseAynafterthenameofawriterfromFinland.Newlynamed,RandmovedtoHollywo

6、od,Californiatoworkinthemoviebusiness.ShemetandmarriedactorFrankOConnorinnineteentwenty-nine.Throughoutthenineteenthirties,OConnoractedandRandwrote.Shepublishedtwobooksduringtheseyears,butdidnotearnmuchcriticalorpopularrecognition.VOICETWO:Thenzinnineteenforty-three,RandsfamousbookTheFountainheadwas

7、published.Ittookhersevenyearstowritethenovel.Twelvepublishersrejectedthebook.HoweveoamannamedArchibaldOgdenlovedthestoryandconvincedtheBobbs-Merrillcompanytopublishit.TheFountainheadbecameahugesuccessaroundtheworld.Ithassoldmorethansixmillioncopies.Itcontinuestosellaboutonehundredthousandcopieseachy

8、ear.TheFountainheadtellsthestoryofayoungbuildingdesignernamedHowardRoark.Roarkwantstobuildinteresting,modern-lookingbuildings.However;mostpeopleonlywanttoseetraditionaldesigns.Roarklovesdesigningandbuildingmorethananythingintheworld.Butherefusestocompromiseandmakebuildingshehates.Severalpeopleworkag

9、ainstRoarkandhisgoals.Butintheend,Roarksucceeds.TheFountainheadisanunusualnovelformanyreasons.Itismorethansevenhundredpageslong,farlongerthanmostbookspeoplereadforentertainment.Italsoincludesdiscussionsofphilosophy,whicharenotusuallyfoundinpopularbooks.Inaddition,thebookcriticizescollectivismandreli

10、gioninawaythatmanypeoplehavefoundinsulting.MostcriticsdidnotlikeTheFountainhead.Butreaderslovedit.Innineteenforty-nineitwasmadeintoapopularmovie.Randwrotethescreenplay.GaryCooperandPatriciaNealstarredinthemovie.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Afterthemoviewasreleased,AynRandandFrankOConnormovedtoNewYorkCity.Theysta

11、rtedhavingweeklymeetingsforfriendsintheirapartment.Soon,thegatheringsbecamemoreserious.Themembersdiscussedphilosophicalideasandbeganwritingaboutthem.ThegroupdecidedtocallitselftheCollective.Thenamewasmeanttobeajoke,becauseallofthemembershatedcollectivism.AlanGreenspan,whowouldlaterbecomechairmanofth

12、eFederalReserve,waspartofthisgroup.TheCollectiveworkedtogethertoformthedetailsofRandsphilosophy,whichtheycalledObjectivism.Objectivismisabouttheimportanceoftheindividualandreasonablethought.Randbelievedthatpeoplemustchoosetheirvaluesandactionsthroughreason.Shebelievedthattheindividualhasarighttoexis

13、tforhisorherownself.TheCollectivealsohelpedRandeditherbookAtlasShrugged,whichwaspublishedinnineteenfifty-seven.VOICETWO:AtlasShruggedissetinthenearfuture.TheAmericaneconomyandsocietyarestartingtocollapseundertheinfluenceofbiggovernment.TheUnitedStatesisanationoffailingbusinesses,closedfactoriesandan

14、grycitizens.Asmallgroupofthinkers,artists,scientistsandindustrialleadersdisappearsfromsociety.TheyfleetoahiddenvalleyinColorado.Heretheyestablishanewcommunitybasedoncapitalismwithoutgovernmentcontrol.TheheroineofthebookisDagnyTaggartwhoownsalargerailroadcompany.Shestrugglestokeepherbusinessaliveands

15、avethecountrywhilesocietyiscollapsingaroundher.AtlasShruggedismorethanonethousandpages,oneofthelongestnovelseverwritten.AynRandsaidthatAtlasShruggedfullydefinedherphilosophyofObjectivism.Shewroteattheendofthebook:Myphilosophy.istheconceptofmanasaheroicbeing,withhisownhappinessasthemoralpurposeofhisl

16、ife,withproductiveachievementashisnoblestactivity,andreasonashisonlyabsolute.,VOICEONE:RandthoughtAtlasShruggedwasthemostimportantbookeverwritten.Thecriticsdidnotagree.Mostgavethebookbadreviews.IntheNationalReview,aconservativepoliticalmagazine,WhittakerChamberswrotealong,angryarticleaboutAtlasShrugged.Hesaiditwasastupidbookwithdangerousideas.AswithTheFountainhead/thepubli