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1、BlIELTSADVANTAGESentenceCompletionQuestionsStrategyPracticeTheenvironmentalimpactOffashionThefashionindustryisoneofthemajorpollutingindustriesintheworld.Theproductionanddistributionofthecrops,fibersandgarmentsusedinfashionallcontributetodifferingformsofenvironmentalpollution,includingwater,air,andso
2、ilpollution.Thetextileindustryisthesecondgreatestpolluteroflocalfreshwaterintheworld.Someofthemainfactorsthatcontributetothisindustrialpollutionarethevastoverproductionoffashionitems,theuseofsyntheticfibers,andtheagriculturalpollutioncausedbytheuseoffashioncrops.ThequantityofnewgarmentsboughtbyAmeri
3、canshastripledsincethe1960s.Thisexponentialincreasehascausedtheneedformoreresources,andtheneedforaspeedierprocessinwhichclothesareproduced.Oneofthemaincontributorstotherapidproductionofpollutionistherapidproductionofclothesduetoincreasedconsumption.Everyyeartheworldasawholeconsumesmorethan80billioni
4、temsofclothing.Thoseclothescontributetoresourcepollutionandwastepollutionduetothefactthatmostoftheseitemswillonedaybethrownout.Peopleareconsumingmoreandtheywantitforcheaperprices,andthecompaniesproducingthesecheapitems,whicharemakingaprofit,wanttheclothesasfastaspossible.Thiscreatesatrendcalledfastf
5、ashion.Fastfashionisanapproachtothedesign,creation,andmarketingofclothingfashionsthatemphasizesmakingfashiontrendsquicklyandcheaplyavailabletoconsumers.Theideaisthatspeedymassproductioncombinedwithcheaplaborwillmakeclothescheaperforthosebuyingthem,thusleadingtoincreasedsales.Themainconcernwithfastfa
6、shionistheclotheswasteitproduces.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,15.1milliontonsoftextileclothingwastewasproducedin2013alone.Whentextileclothingendsupinlandfills,thechemicalsintheclothes,suchasthedye,cancauseenvironmentalproblemsbecausetheygraduallyseepintotheground.Ontopofthat,thereisal
7、sotheissueofsomuchusedclothingwasteneedingtobedisposedofinaneverincreasingnumberoflandfillsites.Moreover,whenunsoldclothesareburned,acopiousamountofC02isreleasedintotheatmosphere.AsperaWorldResourcesInstitutereport,1.2billiontonsofC02isreleasedintotheatmosphereperyearbythefastfashionindustry.In2019,
8、itwasannouncedthatFrancewasmakinganefforttopreventcompaniesfromcarryingoutthepracticeofincineratingunsoldfashionitems.Nowthatthereisacontinuousincreaseintheamountofclothingthatisconsumed,anotherissuethatarisesisthatalotoftheclothingisnolongermadefromnaturalIELTSADVANTAGESentenceCompletionQuestionsSt
9、rategyPracticematerialsandcrops.Clothingusedtobeproducedfrommainlynaturalfiberssuchaswool,cottonorsilk,butnowadaysinexpensivesynthetictextilefiberssuchaspolyesterornylonarebecomingincreasinglycommon.Polyesterisoneofthemostpopularfibersusedinfashiontoday,anditisfoundinabout60%ofgarmentsinretailstores
10、,whichisabout21.3milliontonsofpolyester.Thepopularityofpolyesterkeepsincreasingaswell,ascanbeseenfromthefactthattherewasa157percentincreaseinpolyesterclothingconsumptionfrom2000to2015.Syntheticpolyesterismadefromachemicalreactioninvolvingcoal,petroleum,airandwater.Whencoalisburned,itemitsalargeamoun
11、tofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,andtheuseofpetroleumintheprocessreleasesseveralairpollutants,suchasparticulatematter,nitrogenoxides,carbonmonoxide,hydrogensulphideandsulphurdioxide.Moreover,polyesterisnon-biodegradable,meaningitcanneverbeconvertedintoastatethatisnaturallyfoundinthenaturalworld.Due
12、toallofthetimeandresourcesittakestomakepolyesteranditneverbeingabletoreverttoastatethatcancontributetoanynaturalnutrientcycles,polyestercanbeconsideredenergyintensivewithnonetgain.Whenpolyesterclothingiswashed,microplastics,whichareextremelysmallpiecesofplasticresultingfromthebreakdownofconsumerprod
13、ucts,areshedandenterthewatersystem,whichleadstomicropollutioninwaterways,includingoceans.Duetothesmallsizeofthemicropollutants,itiseasyforfishwithinwaterwaystoabsorbthemintheirbodyfat.Thefishcanthenbeconsumedbyhumans,andthesehumanswillalsoabsorbthepolyestermicropollutantsinthefishinaprocesscalledbio
14、magnification.Whilesyntheticfibershaveasignificantnegativeimpactontheenvironment,naturalfibersalsocontributetopollutionthroughagriculturalpollution.Cottonproductionrequiresalargeamountofpesticidesandwaterusage.Cottonisconsideredtheworldsdirtiestcropbecauseituses16%oftheworld,spesticides.Twoofthemain
15、ingredientsinpesticidesarenitratesandphosphates.Whenthepesticidesleakintostreamsystemssurroundingthecropland,thenitratesandphosphatescontributetowatereutrophication.Watereutrophicationisanenvironmentalphenomenonthatcausesadepletionofoxygenwhenthenutrientoverloadfrompesticidescausesaboominplantgrowth
16、anddeath.Asregardswool,itismadefromthefurofsheep,andsheepareruminantsandhenceproducemethane,whichisaverypotentgreenhousegas.Thesameproblemexistsforleatherascattleareruminantstoo.Fortemperatezones,linen,whichismadefromflax,isconsideredabetteralternative.Hemp,seaweedandbiofabricatedleatherareotheroptionsthatarebecomingincreasinglyviable.IELTSADVANTAGESentenceCompletionQuestionsStrategyPracticeSource:https:en.wikiDedia.orq/Wiki/Environmentalimpac
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