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1、IELTSADVANTAGELabellingaDiagramQuestionsStrategyPracticeAtourofHarlechCastleHarlechCastle,locatedinHarlech,Gwynedd,Wales,isaGradeI-Iistedmedievalfortification,constructedatopaspurofrockclosetotheIrishSea.ItwasbuiltbyEdwardIduringhisinvasionofWalesbetween1282and1289attherelativelymodestcostof8,190.Ov
2、erthenextfewcenturies,thecastleplayedanimportantpartinseveralwars,withstandingthesiegeofMadogapLlywelynin1294-95,butfallingtoOwainGlyndwrin1404.ItthenbecameGlyndwr,sresidenceandmilitaryheadquartersfortheremainderoftheuprisinguntilbeingrecapturedbyEnglishforcesin1409.Duringthe15thcenturyWarsoftheRose
3、s,HarlechwasheldbytheLancastriansforsevenyears,beforeYorkisttroopsforceditssurrenderin1468,asiegememorialisedinthesongMenofHarlech.FollowingtheoutbreakoftheEnglishCivilWarin1642,thecastlewasheldbyforcesloyaltoCharlesI,holdingoutuntil1647whenitbecamethelastfortificationtosurrendertotheParliamentaryar
4、mies.Inthe21stcenturytheruinedcastleismanagedbyCadw,theWelshGovernmentshistoricenvironmentservice,asatouristattraction.HarlechCastlerestsuponpartoftheHarlechDome,aspurofrockalmost200feet(61m)high;thelandfallsawaysharplyonthenorthandwest,andaditchcutintotherockprotectstheremainingapproachestothecastl
5、e.Thecastlehasaconcentricdesign,withonelineofdefencesenclosedbyanother,forminganinnerandouterward;theouterwallwasoriginallysomewhattallerthantoday.Harlechisbuiltfromlocalgrey-greensandstone,withlarge,regularblocksusedforthetowersandirregularmaterial,possiblytakenfromtheditch,usedforthewalls.Asoftery
6、ellowsandstoneisusedforthedecorativeworkinthecastle,possiblyquarriedfromaroundEgrynAbbeynearBarmouth.ReachingthemainentrancetothecastleinvolvescrossingastonebridgewhichconnectstheeasterlyditchbridgetowersandthemaingatehouseandgoesovertheEastDitch;littleremainsofthebridgetowerstoday.Awatergateoverloo
7、ksaprotectedstairwayof127stepsthatrunsdowntothefootofthecliffs.Inthe13thcentury,theseacameupclosetothestairway,allowingresupplybysea,buttodaytheseahasretreatedsignificantly,makingitmoredifficulttoenvisagetheconceptinitsoriginalsetting.Thegatehousefollowsthedesign,sometimestermedtheTonbridge-Style,th
8、atbecamepopularduringthe13thcentury,withtwomassiveD-shapeddefensivetowersflankingtheentrance.Themainpassageintothecastlerunsbetweenthesetwotowersandwasguardedbythreeportcullisesandatleasttwoheavydoors.InNote:ThisisnotarealIELTStest.Thispracticetestistogiveyouanopportunitytopractiseimplementingthestr
9、ategiesfromthecourse.Itdoesnotreflectthescores,timeneededorlevelofdifficultyofarealIELTStest.IELTSADVANTAGELabellingaDiagramQuestionsStrategyPracticethewesternpartofeachdefensivetowerisalargeguardroom.Thegatehousehastwoupperfloors,brokenupintovariousrooms.Eachfloorhasthreelargewindowsoverlookingthei
10、nnerward;thesecondfloorhastwoadditionalgrandwindowsonthesidesofthegatehouse;thegatehousewasfittedwithfireplacesandwouldoriginallyhavehadprominentchimneys.Theuseoftheseroomshasbeenthesubjectofacademicdebate:historianArnoldTaylorarguedthatthefirstfloorofthegatehousewasusedbytheconstableaslivingaccommo
11、dation,withthesecondfloorusedbyseniorvisitors;JeremyAshbeehassincechallengedthisinterpretation,suggestingthehigh-statusaccommodationmayinsteadhavebeenlocatedwithintheinnerward,andthegatehouseusedforotherpurposes.Theinnerwardisguardedbyfourlargecirculartowers.Overtime,thesehaveacquiredparticularnames
12、:clockwisefromthenorth-east,theyarecalledtheDebtorsTower,MortimerTower,BronwenTowerandtheArmourer1Slower.Debtors1TowerincorporatedadungeonandtheArmourersTowermayhavecontainedanartilleryworkshopinthe16thcentury.Headingsouth-westfromBronwenTowertherearetheremainsoftheWesternPikehead,whichpassestheUppe
13、rGateandeventuallyreachesthe,WayfromtheSea,.Severalkindsofbuildingswerebuiltaroundtheinnerward.TheGreatHallisonthewesternside,oppositethegatehouseandimmediatelynexttotheArmourersTower.Onthenorthernsideoftheinnerward,betweentheGreatHallandthebakehouse,isthechapel.OntheothersideoftheGreatHall,inthesou
14、thwesterncorneroftheinnerward,rightnexttoBronwenTower,isthekitchen.Fromthere,itisjustashortwalktothegranary,whichistheclosestbuildingintheinnerwardtoMortimerTower.ThearchitectureofHarlechhascloselinkstothatfoundinthekingdomofSavoyinthesameperiod.Theseincludesemi-circulardoorarches,windowstyles,corbe
15、lledtowersandpositioningofputlogholes,andareusuallyascribedtotheinfluenceoftheSavoyarchitectMasterJames.However,thelinksbetweenHarlechandSavoyarenotstraightforwardasinsomecasestherelevantSavoystructureswerebuiltafterJameshadlefttheregion.Thesimilarityinarchitecturaldetailsmay,therefore,betheresultof
16、thewiderroleplayedbySavoycraftsmenandengineersintheHarlechproject.Adaptedfrom:https:en.WikiDediaQrqwikiHarleChCaSHeandhttps:CadW.gov.walesadvicesupporthistoric-assetsSChedUIedmonumentsbest-practicequidance#SeCtiOncarinq-for-coastal-heritaQeNote:ThisisnotarealIELTStest.Thispracticetestistogiveyouanopportunitytopractiseimplementingthestrategiesfromthecourse.Itdoesnotreflectthescores,timeneededorlevelofdifficultyofarealIELTStest.IELTS
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