2024剑桥雅思讲义Reading_Test_5.docx
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1、IELTSADVANTAGEIELTSAdvantagePracticeReadingTest5PaSSaHe1DISCOVERYOFTHETRUESOLARSYSTEMTYCHOBRAHEKEPLERA-Duringtheperiodoftheintellectualandaestheticrevival,atthebeginningofthesixteenthcenturyzthe“spiritoftheage“wasfosteredbytheinventionofprinting,bythedownfalloftheByzantineEmpire,andthescatteringofGr
2、eekfugitives,carryingthetreasuresofliteraturethroughWesternEurope,bytheworksofRaphaelandMichelangelozbytheReformation,andbytheextensionoftheknownworldthroughthevoyagesofSpaniardsandPortuguese.Duringthatperiodtherecametothefrontthefounderofaccurateobservationalastronomy.TychoBrahe,aDanezbornin1546ofn
3、obleparents,wasthemostdistinguished,diligent,andaccurateobserveroftheheavenssincethedaysofHipparchus,lz700yearsbefore.Tychowasdevotedentirelytohissciencefromchildhood,andtheoppositionofhisparentsonlystimulatedhiminhiseffortstoovercomedifficulties.Hesoongraspedthehopelessnessoftheolddeductivemethodso
4、freasoning,anddecidedthatnotheoriesoughttobeindulgedinuntilpreparationshadbeenmadebytheaccumulationofaccurateobservations.Wemayclaimforhimthetitleoffounderoftheinductivemethod.B-HestudiedinGermany,butKingFrederickofDenmark,appreciatinghisgreattalents,invitedhimtocarryouthislifesworkinthatcountry.Heg
5、rantedtohimtheislandofHveenzgavehimapension,andmadehimacanonoftheCathedralofRoskilde.Onthatisland,TychoBrahebuiltthesplendidobservatorywhichhecalledUraniborgzand,later;asecondoneforhisassistantsandstudents,calledStjerneborg.Thesehefittedupwiththemostperfectinstruments,andneverlostachanceofaddingtohi
6、sstockofcarefulobservations.C-Theaccountofalltheseinstrumentsandobservations,printedathisownpressontheisland,waspublishedbyTychoBrahehimsetandtheadmirableandnumerousengravingsbearwitnesstotheexcellenceofdesignandthestabilityofhisinstruments.Hismechanicalskillwasgreat,andinhisworkmanshiphewassatisfie
7、dwithnothingbutthebest.Herecognisedtheimportanceofrigidityintheinstruments,and,whereasthesehadgenerallybeenmadeofwood,hedesignedtheminmetal.HisinstrumentsincludedarmillaelikethosewhichhadbeenusedinAlexandria,andotherarmillaedesignedbyhimselfsextants,muralquadrants,largecelestialglobesandvariousinstr
8、umentsforspecialpurposes.HeinventedthemethodOfsubdividingthedegreesonthearcofaninstrumentbytransversalssomewhatinthewaythatPedroNunezhadproposed.D-Heoriginatedthetruesystemofobservationandreductionofobservations,recognisingthefactthatthebestinstrumentintheworldisnotperfect;andwitheachofhisinstrument
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