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1、静态路由故障排查一、开始静态路由是否能够加入到全局路由表中并成功指导报文正确转发,取决于其出接口状态与下一跳可达性,以及相关检测联动的状态等方面。因此静态路由定位故障的思路是:首先查看全局路由表中是否有该静态路由;然后据此相应地检查出接口状态、下一跳可达性、BFD/NQA配置、路由优先级等。1、查看全局路由表中是否有该静态路由查看全局路由表中是否存在该静态路由。命令:displayiprouting-tablexxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(目的IP网段)例如:通过上述命令查看,可以确认全局路由表中存在该静态路由。display绽routing-table192.168.2.0RoutingT
2、ables:PublicDestinations:1Routes:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCost192.168.2.0/24Static600NextHopInterface192.168.1.2GEO/O2、检查出接口状态查看静态路由对应的出接口状态是否正常,正常情况下该接口的物理层状态、协议层状态均为UP。接口状态问题参见接口排错。命令:displayinterfacebrief例如:通过上述命令查看,可以确认出接口的物理层和协议层状态均正常。displayinterfacebriefThebriefinfoimationofinterface(s)UndUrr
3、outemode:1.ink:ADM-administrativelydown,Stby-standbyProtocol:(s)-spoofingInterfaceLinkProtocolMainIPDescriptionEth60DOWNDOWN一GE00UPUP192.168.1.13、检查下一跳地址可达性查看静态路由下一跳地址,验证其是否可达。命令:displayiprouting-tableprotocolstaticxxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(目的IP网段)pingxxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(下一跳IP地址)例如:通过上述命令,可以确认静态路由下一跳地址可达。displayi
4、p,routing-tableprotocolstatic192.168.2.0StaticRoutingTableStatus:SuinmaryCount:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHogInterface192.168.2.0/24Static600192.168.1.2GE00ping192.168.1.2PING192.168.1.2:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom192.168.1.2:bytes=56Sequence=Ittll=255time=lmsReplyfrom192.168.1.2:b
5、ytes=56Sequence=2tl=255time=1msReplyfrom192.168.1.2:bytes=5Sequence=2XXF255time=lins4、查看是否绑定BFD或NQA查看静态路由是否绑定了BFD或NQA,与BFD或NQA检测进行联动。命令:displaycurrent-configurationincludexxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(目的IP网段)例如:通过上述命令查看,可以确认静态路由绑定了BFD或NQA。displaycurrent-configurationinclude192.168.2.0ioroute-static192.168.2.0255.
6、255.255.0GigabitEthernetOZO192.168.1.2bfdcontrol-packetdisplaycurrent-configurationinclude192.168.2.0ig,route-static192.168.2.0255.255.255.0192.168.1.2track15、检查BFD或NQA配置与状态在配置了静态路由与BFD或NQA联动的情况下,查看相关配置、状态信息是否正确。正常情况下BFD的会话状态为UP;NQAtrack项的状态信息为POSitiVeo命令:displaybfdsession或displaytrackxxx(静态路由绑定的tra
7、ck号)例如:通过上述命令查看,可以确认BFD或NQA状态正常。displaybfdsessionTotalSessionNum:1InitMode:ActiveIPv4SessionWorkingUnderCtrlMode:1.D/RDSourceAddrDestAddrStateHoldtiineInterface53/53192716871711922.2行而篙ZGEO/Odisplaytrack1TrackID:1Status:Positive(notify13secondsIater)Notificationdelay:Positive20,Negative30(inseconds)
8、Referenceobject:NQAentry:admintestReaction:106、检查本静态路由的优先级检查去往同一目的网段的路由中,静态路由的优先级是否最高命令:displayiprouting-tablexxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(目的IP网段)displayiprouting-tablexxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(目的IP网段)verbose例如:通过上述命令查看,可以确认静态路由的优先级不是最高,因而未出现在全局路由表中。Destinations : 1Routes : 1DeStination/MaSkProtoPreCostNextHopInterface192
9、.168.2.0/24OSHr10219il68.1.2比0/0display ip routing-table 192.168. 2.0Routing Tables: Public192.168.2.0 verboseH3Cdisplay 迈 routIng-tableRouting Table : PublicSUnfnary Count : 2Destinat ion: 192.168.2.0/24Protocol: OSPFPreference: 10NextHq: 192,168.1.2BkNextHop : 0.0. 0.0RelyNextHop: 0. 0.0.0Tunnel I
10、D: OxOState: Active ATag: 0Process ID: 1Cost: 2Interface: GigabitEthernetOZO BkInterface:Neighbor : 0.0.0.0Label: NULLAge: OOhoort23sDestination: 192.168. 2.0/24Protocol: StaticPreference: 60NatHQQ 192.168.3. 2BkNextHop: 0.0.0.0RelyNextHop : 0. 0. 0. 0Tunnel ID: 0x0Process ID: 0Cost: 0Interface: Gig
11、abitEthemet0l BkInterface:Nei ghbor : 0. 0. 0. 0Label: NULLState: Inactive AdvAge: 00h2152sTag:07检查本静态路由掩码长度检查到目的IP网段的报文转发能否匹配静态路由,即检查该静态路由的掩码是否最长。命令:displayiprouting-tablexxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(目的令网段)例如:通过上述命令查看,可以确认本静态路由的掩码不是最长。displayiprouting-table192.168.2.0RoutingTable:PublicSusiDaryCount:2Destination/1askProtoPreCostNextHopInterface192.168.2.0/24Static6001927168.1.2GEO/O192.168.2.0/25RlP1001192.168.3.2GEO/1