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1、英语动名词用法 英语动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。从形式上 ,是在动词原形的末尾加上-ing,否定形式为not doing 动名词的形式: 主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done英语动名词有两个特点v 1、它是从动词变化而来的,所以它保留了动词的某些特征,例如它能带自己的宾语、状语等,这时就叫动名词短语;2、顾名思义,动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词,因此,动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因为它作为名词来使用,所以动名词也有像名词一样的所有格形式。 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往
2、是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如: vReading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.考试作弊毁坏人的性格。His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot.他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用1.It is 句式来表示 vIt is no use waiting for him any lon
3、ger.等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。vIt is useless talking about it with him. 和他谈这件事是没用的。vIts a waste of time arguing about it.v辩论这事是浪费时间2.There is no ”句式来表示 vThere is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。不许乱扔杂物。 There is no holding bac
4、k the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡历史车轮不可阻挡。动名词作宾语 v动名词作宾语通常是在某些动词后.高中阶段能接动名词作宾语的常见动词:mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(
5、考虑)等。vMany people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer.夏季,很多人喜欢在沙滩日光浴。vI suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 动名词作介词宾语 v动名词作介词宾语时,通常放在由动词或形容词与介词组成的动词短语或形容词短语后。此类短语有很多。如:look forward to(渴望,盼望), be proud of(以自豪), be responsible for(对负责), insist on(坚持), think of(考虑,想到), dream of(梦想),
6、object to(反对,抗议), hear of(听说), preventfrom(防止,阻止), keepfrom(防止,阻止), stopfrom(防止,阻止), be engaged in(从事于), depend on(依靠,依赖), thankfor(因而道谢), excusefor(因而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devoteto(献身于), set about(着手做), be/get used to(习惯于), be fond of(喜欢), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(对厌烦), succeed in(成功地做), be inter
7、ested in(对感兴趣), be ashamed of(对感到羞愧)等等。 v.We were used to getting up early in the morning.v我们以前习惯早起。vI am against inviting him to dinner.v我反对邀请他来吃饭。vThey dont feel like walking that much.v他们不喜欢走那么多路。注意:(1)有些动词后面,如forget, remember, stop, try, mean, regret、go on等,既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语,但是意义不一样。vHe forgot pay
8、ing for the book.v他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了)vHe forgot to pay for the book.v他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱)vStop talking.(停止说话)vI stopped to talk with Tom.(开始去说话)2)在有些句子中,介词常可省去。 vI have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.v我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。vHe used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.v过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。v
9、What can prevent us (from) getting married?v有什么能阻止我们结婚?(3)动名词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语。 vHe left ahead of time without saying a word.v他一句话也没说就提前离开了。vBesides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.v除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子。vOn hearing
10、the news, all the pupils jumped with joy.v听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。(4)want(需要), need(需要), deserve(值得), require(需要)等词后,我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。vYour car needs filling. v你这车要充气了。vThis city deserves visiting.v这座城市值得光顾一下。vThe problem requires studying carefully.v这个问题需要认真研究。vThe trees want watering.v这些树需要浇水了。动名词作
11、表语 vHis hobby is collecting stamps.v他的爱好是收集邮票。vTheir task is exploring oil mines in the west. 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。vIn the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.v在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。注意:这时,主语和表语可以互换位置动名词作定语。 v动名词作定语时一般前置,与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,表用途。vreading room 阅览室 vswimming pool 游泳池vdining car 餐车vsleeping car 卧车v
12、singing competition 歌咏比赛vwaiting room候车室动名词作同位语 v.His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged.v他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 v动名词的复合结构指动名词前有其逻辑主语。复合结构通常由“物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+动名词”构成,在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格,通常在句中作主语和宾语。 vHis coming made us very happy.v他的到来使我们大家都很高兴。vI dont mind your opening the window.vI dont mind you opening the window.v我不介意你开窗。vI enjoyed listening to Johns singing.vI enjoyed listening to john singing.v我喜欢听约翰唱歌。