胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版).docx

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1、胡壮修语言学教程修订版第一局SS各章节堤纲策记Chapter1Invitationsto1.inguistics1 .Wysig1.anguage?1. 1.anguageisveryessentia1.tohumanbeings.2. In1.anguagetherearemanythingsweshou1.dknow.3. Forfurtherunderstanding.weneedtostudy1.anguagescientifica1.1.y.1.2 Wbatis1.anguage91.anguageisameans以munication.Itisasystemofarbitraryv

2、oca1.symbo1.susedforhumancommunication.1.3 Designfeaturesof1.anguageThefeaturesthatdefineourhuman1.anguagescanbecak)ddesignfeaturesMchcandistinguishhuman1.anguagefromanyanima1.systemofmmuication.1.3.1 ArbitrarinessArbrtfafinessreferstothefactthattheformsofIingutstfcsignsbearnonatura1.re1.ationshipto

3、theirmeanings.1.3.2 DuaStyDuafrtyreferstothepropertyofhavingtwoIeveisofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimary1.eve1.aremosedofe1.ementsofthesecondary1.eve1.andeachofthetwo1.eve1.shasitsownprincip1.eso1.organization1.3.3 CreativityCreativitymeansthat1.anguageisresourcefu1.becauseofitsdua1.ityanditsrecu

4、rsiveness.Recursivenessreferstotheru1.ewhichcanbeappsedrepeated1.yWImoUtanydefinite1.imit,Thorecursivenatureof1.anguageprovjesatheons:1. Idea1.iona1.1unction:toveyevinformation.tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer；2. Interpersona1.function:embodyinga1.1.useof1.anguagetoexpresssocia1.andpers

5、ona1.re1.ationships:3. Textua1.function：referringtothefactthat1.anguagehasmechanismstomakeanystretch01spokenandwrittendiscourseintoacoherentandunifiedtextandmakea1.ivingpassagedeferentfromarandom1.istofsentences.AccordingtoHuZhuangin.1.anguagehasat(eastsevenfunctions:1.1.1 InformativeTheintocmativef

6、unctionmeans1.anguage喀theinstrumentofthoughtandPOOaCoftenusittocommunicatenewinformation.1.1.2 Interpersona1.functionTheinterpersona1.functionmeanspeop1.ecanuse1.anguagetoestab1.ishandmaintaintheirstatusnasociety.1.1.3 PerformativGThePerfOrmat1.Vefunctionof1.anguageisprimari1.ytochangethesocia1.stat

7、usofpersons,asGmarriageceremonies,thesentencingofcrimina1.s,theb1.essmgofchi1.dren,thenamingofaShPata1.aunchingceremony,andtheCUrSngofene11es.1.1.4 EmotivefunctionTheemotivefunctionisoneofthemostpowerfu1.usesof1.anguagebecauseitissocrucia1.mchangingtheemotiona1.statusofanaud*ecefororagainstsomeoneOr

8、something.1.1.5 PhaticmmunionThephaticcommunionmeanspeop1.ea1.waysusesomesma1.1.,seeming1.ymeaning1.essexpressionssuchasGoodmommg.GodMessyou,Niceday,etc.,tomaintainaCOm1.(Xtabjere1.ationshipbetvook*itse1.f1.6 Whatis1.inguistics?1.inguisticsisthescientificstudyof1.anguage.Itstudiesnotjustone1.anguage

9、ofanyoneCommundy,butthe1.anguageofahumanbeings.1.7 Mainbranchesof1.inguistics1.7.1 PhoneticsPhoneticsisthestudyofspeechsounds,itinc1.udesthreemainareas:articu1.atoryphonetics,austicphonetics,andauditoryphonetics.1.7.2 PbonoiogyPhono1.ogystudiesthru1.esgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencing

10、ofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsy1.1.ab1.es.1.7.3 Mcxpho1.ogyMorpho1.ogySIUckJStheminima1.unitso1.meaning-morphemesandwordformationprocesses.1.7.4 SyntaxSyntaxreferstoIheru1.esgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoIormsentencesina1.anguage,orSWnpIyJhestudyo1theIormationofsentences1.7.5 SemanticsSemanticsexam

11、ineshovmeaningtsencodedma1.anguage.1.7.6 PragmaticsPragmabcsistheStucJyofmeaningincontext.1.8 MacroSnguisticsMacfOfcnguisticsisthestudyof1.anguageina1.1.aspects,distinctfrommicrofcnguistcs.WhiChdea1.tsoieywittheforma1.aspectof1.anguagesystem.1.8.1 Psycho1.inguisticsPsycho1.inguisticsinvestigatestheinte