American-Ways.docx

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1、AmericanWaysAGuideforForeignersintheUnitedStatesBYGARYA1.THENwithAmandaR.DoranandSusanJ.SzmaniaTableofContentspageIntroduction1OnUnderstanding1HowMuchGeneralizingIsAcceptable?2OnAskingfcWhy?3HowAmericansSeeThemselves4HowAmericansSeeForeigners4OnDescribingAmericans5PartIGeneralIdeasaboutAmericanCultu

2、reChapter 1: AmericanValuesandAssumptionsIndividualism.Freedom.Competitiveness,andPrivacyEquality9Informality10TheFuture.Change,andProgress11GoodnessofHumanity12Time13Achievement.Action.Work,andMaterialism14DirectnessandAssertiveness14Chapter 2: TheCommunicativeStyleofAmericans16PreferredDiscussionT

3、opics16FavoriteFormsofInteraction17DepthofInvolvementSought.18ChannelsPreferred191.evelofMeaningEmphasized23Chapter 3: WaysofReasoning23TheContext24ThePoint25TheOrganization25TheEvidence25TheCause27Chapter 4: DifferencesinCustoms2830,3031,3232,33,333334,373S404142PartIlSpecificAspectsofAmerican1.ife

4、Chapter 5: PoliticsTheRuleof1.awTheIdealofCompromise.PoliticsApartCh叩ter6:Family1.ife.,WhatForeignersNotice.TheChangingFamilyRaisingChildrenChapter 7: Education.GuidingWeals,SocialForcesAffectingAmericanEducationIssuesFacingAmericanSchoolsAdvantagesandDisadvantages43,4345,45,4646,4748,4950,50.51,52,

5、5354,56,57,58,58,60,63,63a65,65,6666,6768,6868,69.69.69.70,71.72.72Chapter 8: ReligionTheGeneralContextReligionandIndividualAmericansExceptionsChapter 9: TheMediaWhatIsAmericanabouttheAmericanMedia?,AmericansViewsofTheirMediaMisconceptionstheMediaPromoteChapter 10: SocialRelationshipsMeetingNewPeopl

6、eTheAmericanConceptofFriendshipRelationshipsPrescribedbyRolesCourtesy.Schedules.GiftsChapter 11: RacialandEthnicDiversityWhatForeignVisitorsSeeHowAmericansViewRaceandEthnicRelationsAustin.Texas:ACaseStudyChapter 12: Male-FemaleRelationshipsInfluencesonMale-FemaleRelationshipsMale-FemaleRelationships

7、inVariousSettings.Chapter13:SportsandRecreationSportsRecreationChapter 14: DrivingGeneralInformationTraffic1.awsAttitudesaboutDrivingChapter 15: ShoppingAdvertisingPricingCustomer-ClerkRelationshipsSalesTacticsProceduresforReturningandExchangingPrivateSalesChapter 16: PersonalHygieneTheBasicsVariati

8、onsOtherIssuesConcerningHygieneChapter 17: GettingThingsDoneinOrganizationsMisconceptionsCharacteristicsofU.S.OrganizationsSuggestionsforDealingwithU.S.OrganizationsChapter 18: BehaviorinPublicPlacesRulesforBehaviorinPublicPlacesCommunicationBehaviorsChapter 19: StudyingAssumptionsUnderlyingtheHighe

9、rEducationSystemStudenl-StudentRelationships.Stixtent-ProfessorRelationshipsRoommateRelationshipsIntroductionMostAmericansseethemselvesasopen,frank,andfairlyfriendly.Ifyouaskthemaquestion,theywillanswerit.Theyhavenothingtohide.Theycannotunderstandwhypeoplefromotheruntriesshouldhaveanydifficultyunder

10、standingthem.Unless,ofurse,therearelanguageproblems.ButmostforeignersdohavetroubleunderstandingAmericans.EveniftheyhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,mostforeignershaveatleastsomedifficultyunderstandingwhattheAmericanstheyencounterarethinkingandfeeling.Whatideasandattitudesunderlietheiractions?Whatmotivatest

11、hem?Whatmakesthemtalkandactthewaytheydo9Thisbkaddressesthosequestions.ThebookisintendedtohelpforeignvisitorsboththosestayingforalongtimeandthosehereforshortVisits-Understandthenatives.OnUnderstandingThisbookisnotintendedtoencourageforeignerstolikeAmericansorwanttoimitatethem.Somevisitorsfromabroadwi

12、llhavepositivefeelingstowardmostoftheAmericanstheymeet.Otherswillnot.SomewillwanttoremainforalongtimeintheUnitedStates,otherswillwanttogobackhomeassoonaspossible.Peopleinboththesegroups,however,willbemorelikelytobenefitfromtheirstaysintheStatesiftheyunderstandthenatives.Understandheremeanshavingarea

13、sonablyaccuratesetofideasforinterpretingthebehaviortheysee.1.etslookatanexample,onethatcausesmanyforeignerstohavenegativefeelingstowardAmericans.TariqNassarisEgyptian.Inhissociety,peopleplaceahighpremiumonfamilyloyalty.Obligationstoparentsandsiblingsareanimportantpartofdailylife.TariqhasmetotheUnite

14、dStatestoearnamastersdegreeincivilengineering.ThroughtheU.S.universityheisattending,hehasahostfamily.alocalfamilythatperiodicallyinviteshimtotheirhomefordinnerorsomeotheractivity.ThefamilysnameisWilson.Mr.Wilsonisamiddle-agedengineer.Hiswilev/orkshalf-timeinalawyersofficeTeirtwochildren,adaughterwho

15、istventy-voandasonwhoisnineteen,arebothuniversitystudents,andoneofthemisattendingauniversityinadistantstate.Mr.Wilsonsfatherdiedtwoyearsago.Hismother,TariqIearns1livesinanursinghomeOneSundayafterhavingdinnerwiththeWilsons,TariqgoeswiththemtovisitMr.Wilsonsmother.Thenursinghomeisfulloffrail,eWerlypeople,mostOfwhomaresittingsilentlyinloungeareasorlyingintheirrooms.Afewareplayingcardsordominoesinthe-gameroomorarewatchingtelevisionMrWilsonsmotherisobviouslyold,butshecanmovearoundreasonablywellandca