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1、美国名人黑人小说家拉尔夫艾里森RalphEllison,1914-1994：HlsBookz*InvisibleMan,WonAwardsandisStillDiscussedTodayplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:38repeatByRichardThorman2010-9-18Photo：APRalphEllisonfNewYorkauthor,isawitness.August30,1966,ataSenateSubcommitteehearinginWashingtonduringcontinuinghearingsontheracialproblemsi
2、nbigcities.BARBARAK1.EIN:ImBarbaraKlein.STEVEEMBER:AndImSteveEmberwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutwriterRalphEllisonandhisfamousnovelInvisibleMan.Thebookisaboutanamelessblackmanssearchforhsidentityandplacensociety.(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.EIN：RalphEHiSOnsnovelInvisibleMan,waspublishe
3、dinnineteenfifty-two.Ellisonwasatoncecalledamajor11evwriter.ThebookwontheNationalBookAward,ahighandrarehonorforafirstnovel.Sincethenmillionsofcopieshavebeenprinted.Thebookisstillusedinmanyuniversitiesandotherschools.Oneprofessorsaidthathehasusedthebookinhisteachingfortwenty-fiveyears.Hesaidthateacht
4、imehereturnstoInvisibleManhefindsnewideasinrtEllisonwritesinthebeginningofhisbook:READER:*1amaninvisibleman.Iamamanofsubstance,fleshandbone,fiberandliquidsandImightevenbesaidtopossessamind.Iaminvisible,understand,simplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme.Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundings,Chemselves
5、zorfigmentsoftheirimagination-indeed,everythingandanythingexceptme.STEVEEMBER:Fromthestart,InvisibleManwasabookthatchangedthewaywhiteAmericansthoughtaboutblackAmericans.ItalsochangedthewayblackAmericansthoughtaboutthemselves.Anditcausedmajordisputesamongbothblackandwhitecritics.Blackcriticssaidthebo
6、okwastoodifficulttoread.OneblackcriticsaidthattheblackmanneededInvisibleManlikeheneededaknifeinhsback.AnotherblackwriterdismissedEllisonbecauseEllisondemandedthatwritingskillsmustbelearnedbeforepoliticalideascanbeexpressed.Somewhitecriticsrefusedtoacceptablackwriterwhodidnotwritefromdirectangeratwhi
7、tes.Theyseemedtowanthimnottowritefromhismind,butfromthecolorofhisskin.Yetthebookcontinuestolivelongaftermostpeoplehaveforgottenthedisputes.(MUSIC)APRalphEllisonwasoneofsixfinalistsforanawardfromtheNationalBookFoundationforthebestfictionwinnerinthefoundationsawards60yearhistory.(1964)BARBARAK1.EIN:Ra
8、lphEllisonwasborninnineteenfourteen,inOklahomaCityzOklahoma.HisfatherdiedwhenRalphwasthree.Hismothersupportedherselfandhersonbycleaningotherpeopleshouses.Shealsosupportedhersonsinterestinmusicandwriting.Shewouldtakehomeoldmusicrecordingsandmagazinesfromthehouseswheresheworked.Ralphlikedjazzrandplaye
9、dtrumpetinhishighschoolband.Hedreamedofwritingseriousmusic.STEVEEMBER:Innineteenthirty-three,Ralphenteredablackuniversity.TuskegeeInstitute,inthestateofAlabama.Hewantedtostudymusic.HemovedtoNewYorkCityinnineteenthirty-six.Hestillplannedtostudymusicandart.However,thatsameyearheranoutofmoneyandcouldno
10、longerattendschool.ThenineteenthirtiesinAmericaweredifficulteconomictimes.Therewerenotmanyjobstobefound,andevenfewerforblackmen.Ellisonworkedatmanythings.Heshinedpeoplesshoes.Heplayedtrumpetinajazzband.HeworkedfortheYoungMensChristianAssociation.Heworkedinfactories.Heworkedforabrieftimetakingpicture
11、s.1.ackofmoneywasanimportantreasonforRalphEllisonbecomingawriter.Hesaid:READER:Ihavealwaysreadalot,andIbegantorealizeIhadacertaintalentforit.ItwasnoteasytobethekindofmusicianIwantedtobe:IdidnothaveenoughmoneytogotoJuilliard(schoolofmusic.SoIstuckwithwhatIhad.BARBARAK1.EIN:InNewYorkCity,Ellisonjoined
12、theFederalWritersProject.ThiswasaprogramcreatedduringFranklinRooseveltspresidencytokeepwritersemployedatwriting.Hemettwoimportantblackwriters,1.angstonHughesandRcardWright.WeightsoonwouldpublishNativeSon,thebkthatmadehimfamous.1.ater,duringWorldWarTwozEllisonservedasacookintheUnitedStatesMerchantMar
13、ine.MerchantmarineshipscarriedwarsuppliestoAmericanandalliedsoldiers.ForEllisonfthewarwasatimeoflearningandtryingtowrite.HereadbooksbytheAmericanwritersT.S.Eliot,ErnestHemingway,andWilliamFaulkner.AndhereadbooksbyforeignwritersliketheInshWriterJameSJoyce.STEVEEMBER:RalphEllisonsstorieswerefirstpubli
14、shedduringWorldWarTwo.Whenthewarwasover,hevisitedafriendinthestateofVermont.Ellisonsaid:READER:,0nedayIwrote,Iamaninvisibleman.Ididnotknowwhatthosev/ordsrepresentedatthestart,andIhadnothoughtaboutwhatgavemetheidea.APTheInvisibleMan*sculpturestandsinfrontofthelongtimehomeofacclaimedauthorRalphEllison
15、inNewYork,sWestHarlem.STEVEEMBER:Thebookthatstartedwiththosewordstookalmostsevenyearstowrite.(MUSIC)BARBARAK1.EIN:1.ikemanyothernovels,Ellisonsstoryisaseriesofexperiencesasthestorytellerlearnstodealwithlife.Yetzunlikeothernovels,InvisibleMantakesplaceinadream-likeatmosphereintheUnitedStates.Itisawor
16、ldwheredreamscomeclosetoreality,andtherealworldlookslikeafrighteningdream.ThemantellinghisstoryinInvisibleManlivesInahiddenundergroundspace.Buttoprovethatheexists,atleasttohimselfrhehaslithisundergroundroomwithonethousandthreehundredsixtninelights.Theyremainlitwithpowerhehasstolenfromtheelectriccompany.InmuchofEllison,snovelthepersontellingthestoryisavictim,usuallyof
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