3完形填空之议论文和说明文类(解析版)共17页.docx
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1、2018年高考题(无)2017年高考题(无)2016年高考题【2016.海】ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousThe
2、oryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52.manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeff
3、ectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making一allmembersofthedepartmentor
4、workgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscan
5、not.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linem
6、anagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.An
7、othertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degre
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