3D打印英文文献 翻译.docx

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1、JournaloftheEuropeanCeramicSociety31(2011)2543-2550Inkjetprintingceramics:FromdropstosolidB.DerbySchoolofMaterials,UniversityofManchester,OxfordRoad,ManchesterM139P1.,UKAvailableonline16February2011AbstractInkjetprintingisapowerfulInicrofabricationtoolthathasbeenappliedtothemanufactureofceramiccompo

2、nents.Tosuccessfullyfabricateceramicobjectsanumberofconditionsmustbesatisfiedconcerningfluidpropertiesanddropplacementaccuracy.Ithasbeenproposedthatfluidsareprintablewithinthebounds1Z10(whereZistheinverseoftheOhnesorgenumber)andtheselimitsareshowntobeconsistentwithceramicsuspensionsdeliveredbypiezoe

3、lectricdrop-on-demandinkjetprinters.Thephysicalprocessesthatoccurduringdropimpactandspreadingarereviewedandtheseareshowntodefinetheminimumfeaturesizeattainablef()ragivenprinteddropdiameter.Finallythedefectsthatcanoccurduringthedryingofprinteddropsarereviewed(coffeestaining)andmechanismsandmethodolog

4、iestoreducethisphenomenonarediscussed.Keywords:Inkjetprinting;Shaping;Drying;Suspensions1. IntroductionInkjetprintinghasmajorcommercialapplicationsingraph-icsoutputandotherconventionalprintingoperations.However;therehasbeendevelopinginterestinusinginkjetprintingtomanufacturecomponentswithapplication

5、sfor:displays,1plas-ticelectronics,2rapidprototyping,3tissueengineering,4andceramiccomponentmanufacture.5Asignicantandfundamen-taldifferencebetweenthesenewapplicationsandthemorewidespreadapplicationofprintingtextorimagesisthebehaiouroftheprintedinkdropletsontheprintedsubstrate.Mostimagesareconstruct

6、edbythedepositionofdiscretedropletsand,inordertooptimiseresolutionandcontrast,thesedropletsareiso-latedanddonotcontacteachother.Incontrast,manyofthenewapplicationsforinkjetprintingenvisagethemanufactureofcontinuous1-,2-,or3-dimensionalstructures(1-,2-,or3-D).Suchstructuresrequireacontinuousdistribut

7、ionofmaterialandthisnecessitatescontactandadhesionbetweenindividualdropsafterprinting.Inkjetprintingconstructsobjectsbytheprecisionplacementofpicolitrevolumesofliquidandthustheinitialinterac-tionbetweenprintedmaterialandasubstrateisaliquid/solidinteraction.Ultimately,theprinteddepositundergoesasolid

8、-ificationprocessthatcanoccurthroughsolventevaporation,temperatureinducedsolidification/gelationorchemicalreac-tion.Considerationsoftherelativetimescalesofdropspreadingandsolidificationindicatethattherewillbeasignificantperiodoftimeafterprintingwhenaliquidispresentonasurface6andthusthemorphologicals

9、tabilityofcoallescingliquidfilmsmustbeexamined,asmusttheeffectsofthesolidificationprocess.Therehasbeenaconsiderablenumberofpublicationsontheuseofinkjetprintinginthemanufactureofceramics.7-17Thesepriorstudieshaveusedallinkjetdropgenerationtechnologies(continuous,thermaldrop-on-demandandpiezoelectricd

10、rop-on-demand)tosuccessfullyproduceceramicobjectsusingbothsolventevaporationandphase-changesolidification.Industrialinkjetprintingtechnologynowusespiezoelectricdrop-on-demand(DOD)generationtechnologyandthisisthechosenmethodformostapplicationsinprintingfunctionalmaterials.Thephysicaloperationofthesed

11、ifferentprintingtechnologiesandthereasonsforthechoiceofpiezoelectricDODprintinghavebeendiscussedindetailelsewhere6,18;henceherewewillconfineourconsiderationstothistechnology.Wewillalsoonlyconsidertheprintingofceramicinksthatsolidifythroughsol-ventevaporation.Despiteearlierworkdemonstratingthatitispo

12、ssibletosuccessfullyprintcmscaleobjectsusingawaxbasedphasechangeceramicink,11-13ceramicinkscontainrelativelylowvolumefractionsofsolidandthusthereisconsiderableshrinkageandpotentialfordistortionduringdewaxingandsintering.14Inordertofabricateceramicobjectsusinginkjetprinting,itisnecessarytosatisfyanum

13、berofrequirements.Firstthereisaneedtoproducestableceramicsuspensionswithdefinedfluidpropertiessuchthattheycanbepassedthroughadropletgener-atorandformregulardrops.Second,thesesuspensionsneedtobedeliveredontoasubstrateorontoapreviouslyprintedlayerofsolidiedceramicink,withdropsinsufficientproximitytoea

14、chothertoallowthemtointeractandformdesired2-Dfeatures.Next,theprintedceramicinkmustundergophasetransitiontoasoliddeposit.Finally,toproduce3-Dstructuresthedeposi-tionanddrying/solidificationprocessesneedtoberepeatedonalayerofpre-depositedanddriedmaterial.Herewewillconsidereachoftheserequirementsandth

15、eiroptimizationforthedirectprintingofceramics.2. CeramicinksManufacturersofDODinkjetprintingequipmentnormallystatearangeofviscosityandsurfacetensionwithinwhichinksmaybesuccessfullyprinted.However;thisinformationisnor-mallyprovidedforthebenefitofformulatinggraphicsinksandmaynotbedirectlyapplicabletot

16、hedevelopmentofceramicinks.Thisisbecauseinkscontainingasignificantvolumefrac-tionofceramicparticlesinsuspensionhavemuchhigherdensityvaluesthantypicalgraphicsinks,whichtypicallyhavedensitiesintherange800-1000kgm-3andthebehaviourofafluidduringprintingdependsstronglyonitsinertialbehaviour.Thefluidrheologicalrequirementsforaprintableinkaredeterminedbythephysicsandfluidmechanicsofthedropgen-erationprocess.6,18Thebehaviouroffluidsduringinkjetprintingcanberepresented