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1、美国名人歌手演员保罗罗伯逊2PaulRobeson,1898-1976:HeTraveledtheWorldSingingSongstoSupportPeaceandEqualRightsforBlackAmericansplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:05repeatByShelleyGollust2008-11-1ANNOUNCER:Now,theVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,ShirleyGriffithandSteveEmberfinishthestoryofthelifeofPaulRobes
2、on.Hewasasingerandinternationalpoliticalactivist.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonBythelatenineteentwenties,PaulRobesonhadbecomethemosthighlypraisedblackactorandsingerofthetime.Duringthenineteenthirties,hebecameinvolvedinnationalandinternationalmovementsforpeace,equalrightsforblackAmericans,andbetterlabor
3、conditions.Hetraveledaroundtheworldsinginghissongstosupportthesestruggles.However,hisfriendshipwiththeSovietUnionbroughtstrongoppositionfromconservativegroupsintheUnitedStates.ManypeopleintheUnitedStatesopposedRobesonspoliticalbeliefsastooliberalorextreme.Asearlyasnineteenforty-one,Americangovernmen
4、tagencies,ledbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation,reportedlyhadtargetedhimasdangerous.TheyconsideredhispoliticalactivismtobeagainstthebestinterestsoftheAmericangovernment.VOICETWO:DuringWorldWarTwo,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionwerealliesfightingagainstNaziGermany.RobesonrecordedseveralRussiansongsto
5、honortheSovietpeoplesdefenseoftheirlandagainsttheNaziinvasion.TheserecordingswerebroadcastintheSovietUnion.ManySovietsoldiersweresaidtohaveheardPaulRobesonsvoicebeforegoingintobattle.Thisisoneofthosesongs.ItiscalledNativeLand.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterWorldWarTwo,relationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovi
6、etUnionbecametense.Inthelatenineteenforties,Americansfearedcommunismasathreattotheirwayoflife.ThepeopleintheSovietUnionweredeniedthefreedomsthatAmericansenjoyed.TheUnitedStatesjoinedwithothernationstotrytohaltthespreadofcommunismaroundtheworld.Inaddition,thecrimesofSovietdictatorJosefStalinbecamepub
7、lic.TheseincludedthekillingofmillionsofpeopleintheSovietUnionwhoopposedhispolicies.Asaresult,manyformerAmericansupportersofcommunismstoppedsupportingtheSovietUnion.VOICETWO:Robesonzhowever;continuedtosupporttheSovietUnion.Hestillbelievedintheideaofcommunism.AndhebelievedinfriendshipbetweentheUnitedS
8、tatesandtheSovietUnion.AcongressionalcommitteebeganinvestigatingAmericanswhosupportedcommunismorwhowerefriendsofpeoplewhosupportedit.ThecommitteequestionedRobeson.Herefusedtosayifhewasacommunist.Robesonsawthequestioningasanattackonthedemocraticrightsofeveryonewhoworkedforinternationalfriendshipandfo
9、requality.VOICEONE:RobesonalsowascondemnedintheUnitedStatesbecauseofhiscriticismoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.HespokeattheWorldPeaceConferenceinParisinApril,nineteenforty-nine.HewasreportedtohavesaidhedidnotbelieveblackAmericanswouldfightfortheAmericangovernmentthatoppressedthemagainsttheSovietUnion.T
10、hisstatementbroughtastrongreactionagainsthimfromsomepeopleintheAmericanpress,governmentandpublic.ItledtoriotingataconcertinNewYorkStatewhereRobesonwastoappear.Hundredsofpeoplewereinjuredwhencrowdsthrewstonesatpeopleattendingtheconcert.VOICETWO:Innineteenfifty,theAmericanStateDepartmentwithdrewRobeso
11、nstraveldocumentbecauseofthepoliticalideasheexpressed.ThispreventedhimfromleavingtheUnitedStatestoperforminothercountries.TheStateDepartmentsaidhistraveltoothercountrieswouldnotbeinthebestinterestoftheUnitedStates.RobesonalsowasbarredfromperforminginmanyplacesintheUnitedStates.Hisconcertswerecancele
12、d.Hisrecordswerewithdrawnfromstores.Recordcompaniesrefusedtoproducenewrecordingsofhissongs.Robesonsaidtheactionsagainsthimwereattemptstosilenceartisticexpression.Hesaidtheywereattemptstocontrolwhompeoplecouldhearandwhattheycouldhear.VOICEONE:Innineteenfifty-two,theMine,MillandSmeltersWorkersUnionofB
13、ritishColumbia,Canada,invitedRobesontoattenditsyearlymeeting.AmericansdonotneedapassporttoenterCanada.ButtheUnitedStatesgovernmentbarredhimfromenteringCanadaanyway.SotheunioninvitedhimtosingatanoutdoorconcertintheUnitedStates.TheconcertwasheldatPeaceArchPark.TheparkisinthenorthwesternstateofWashingt
14、on,ontheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanada.Robesonsangtomorethanthirtythousandpeopleinbothcountries.Hereisarecordingfromthatconcert.RobesonsangafamouslaborunionsongcalledJoeHill.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:RobesonperformedatanotheroutdoorconcertatPeaceArchParkthefollowingyear.Attheendoftheprogram,Robesonspok
15、etothethousandsofpeopleattending.Hepromisedtocontinuethefightforfreedomaslongashecould.Hereispartofthatspeech.(SOUND)VOICEONE:Nineteenfifty-eightwasanimportantyearforPaulRobeson.HisregainedhispassportthatyearafteraSupremeCourtrulingonasimilarcase.TheSupremeCourtruledthattheStateDepartmentcouldnotwit
16、hholdpassportsofAmericancitizensbecauseoftheirsuspectedbeliefsorthegroupstheyjoined.Abookhewroteabouthislife,HereIStand,alsowaspublished.And,thatsameyear;heperformedinaconcertatthefamousCarnegieHallinNewYork.Itwashisfirstappearancethereinelevenyears.Everyseatinthehallwasfilled.PaulRobesonsanganAfricanAmericanspiritualcalledDidntMyLordDeliver.Hereisarecordingfromthatconcert.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PaulRobesona
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