重难点03动词时态、语态及非谓语动词（原题版）.docx

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1、专题3动词时态、语态及非谓语动词中考试题考察频率较高的时态有一般现在时，一般过去式，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时等,这是我们初中英语要求掌握的8种时态中的重要组成部分。同时也会考察被动语态的运用。判断各时态下动词的形式及句子的主谓一致1.定时间（状语）:首先通过题干找出标志词。对于题干中无时间状语的句子,可通过上下文确定2.定主语:确定句子主语的单更数。3.定词形:根据确定的时态和主语确定动词的恰当形式.判断各时态下的被动语态形式1 .判定语态:观察是否有被动语态的标志词by;看动词与主语的关系,主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态;如果是“物”作主语,有可能用被动语态。2 .确

2、定时态：寻找时间状语或上下文暗示时态的词,确定具体用什么时态。非谓语动词形式主要包括动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，以及动名词。主要考查动词不定式表目的,表将来；动名词做主语及宾语用法；现在分词表进行，表将来，过去分词表完成，表被动等。考查重点为:Lit作形式主语、宾语的用法2 .感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法：3 .动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用4 .一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口，但变为被动语态时就要带t。：5 .有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语，但表达的意思不同。知识点1：动词的时态考点考向考法/命题角度一般现在时一般过去

3、时考察最多的主要集中在1、动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,stop等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。例如：Themoviestartsatsixoclockandendsat8oclock.2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化现在进行时过去进行时下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如go,come,y,leave,start,begin,arrive等。例如：MyfatherisarrivingatBeij

4、ingairportat3p.m.tomorrow.现在完成时过去完成时1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already,just,ever,never,before,yet；since和for2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词一般将来时过去将来时1、掌握常见时间状语：Ihenextday2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。知识点2：被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有：常用时态被动结构一般现在时amisare+过去分词一般过去时一般将来时waswere+过去分词wil

5、lshall+be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词过去完成时含情态动词had+been+过去分词canmaymust.+be+过去分词知识点3:被动语态的特殊用法1 .sell和selloutsell无被动语态;sellout有被动语态。Thebooksellsverywell./Thebookhasbeensoldout.2 .takeplace/happen/change/breakOUt（爆发）无被动语态。Ourhometownhaschangedalot./Acara

6、ccidenthappenedjustnow.3 .动词不定式符号to在bemade/beheard/beseen中还原。bemadetodosth.被迫做某事;beheard/seentodosth.被听到/看到做某事Theworkersweremadetoworkforalongtimeintheoldtime.Thegirlisheardtosinginthenextdoor./Theboysareseentoplaysoccerontheplayground.知识点4：不定式重难点1 .“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时,动词不定式符号to要还原:feelhearseewatchnoti

7、ce/have/makesb.dosth.befelt/heard/seen/watched/noticed/had/madctodosth.2 .rememberforgetregrettodosth.记得/忘记/后悔去做某事remember/forget/regretdoingsth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事3 .stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事4 .seehearsb.doingsth.看见/听见某人正在做某事see/hearsb.dosth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事5 .常考的省略了to的动词不定式的句型：Whynotdosth.7Co

8、uld（Would）youplease（not）dosth.7hadbetter（not）dosth./wouldratherdo.thando6 .therebe+主语+todosth.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.7 .”疑问词+不定式”结构：疑问词Who,what,when,where,how,which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。Wheretoliveisaproblem.（主语）Doyouknowwhentostart?（宾语）Theproblemishowtousethemachine.（表语）Idon,tknowtodoit.

9、（宾语）A.whatB.how8 .固定短语.can,twaittodosth迫不及待做某事get/haveachancetodosth.得到一个做某事的机会Its+adj.+(fbrsb)todosth.做某事(对某人来说)怎么样It,sadj.+(ofsb.)todosth.Ittakessb.Sometime/moneytodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)Ifsbestforsb.todosth对某人来说做某事是最好的It,stimeforsbtodosth.是某人做某事的时候了too.(forsb.)to太.以致不能.=not.enoughtodo=so.that.(否定)t

10、hefirstIastnextonlysecondtodosth.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.SheisthefirstpersontoIeamcomputerprogramming.知识点5:动名词重难点后跟doing的常考短语：havedifficulty/trouble/problemsdoingfeellikedoing=wouldliketodospendtime(in)doingbebusydoingpreferdoingtodoingbeusedtodoinglookforwardtodoingdevotetodoingmakeacontrib

11、utiontodoing知识点6：分词重难点现在分词与动名词的构成形式一样，也是由动词原形后加词尾-ing构成。现在分词的形式：Wng否定形式:not+v-ing作表语Theproblemispuzzling.作定语Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.作宾补Canyouhearthewomansingingthesongoutside?作状语Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomanyducksswimminginthepool.重难通关练一、单项选择1. Thelittlegirlcouldn,thelpcryingbecausesh

12、eanucleicacidtesting.A.hasneverhadB.hadneverhadC.didn,thaveD.neverhad2. ShanghaiStudentsPostagreathelpinmyEnglishlearningsince2006.A.willbeB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen3. IfIthedrivingtesttomorrow,Iwillhaveananothertry.A.willfailB.amfailingC.failedD.fail4. Mostpeoplewhenthebigearthquaketookplaceinthatarea

13、.A.aresleepingB.weresleepingC.hassleptD.willsleep5. TheGreensandtheBrownsnext-doorneighbourssincetheymovedtotheneighborhood10yearsago.A.wereB.willbeC.wouldbeD.havebeen6. Winnie,ssisterintheschoollibraryforthetimebeing.A.studiesB.isstudyingC.hasstudiedD.willstudy7. IfromMr.GreensincehemovedtoBeijing.

14、llvisithimwhenIgothere.A.won,thearB.don,thearC.didn,thearD.haven,theard8. MyparentsknowSueverywellbecausetheyhermanytimes.A.meetB.aremeetingC.willmeetD.havemet9. Aliceverynervousattheinterview.Shecouldn,tthinkofanythingtosay.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen10. TaraisinterestedinChineseculture.SheChineseat

15、FudanUniversitynextyear.A.studiesB.studiedC.willstudyD.hadstudied11. Couldyoutellme?A.whenwillthemeetingbeginB.whenthemeetingwillbeginC.whenwouldthemeetingbeginD.whenthemeetingwouldbegin12. ThereagreatnumberofvisitorstoDisneylandinShanghaiinthecomingholiday.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were13. MissWhite12differentcountriesbytheendoflastyear.A. has been to B. had been toC. has gone toD. went to14. It was surprisin