《热点03科学新知及自然世界(阅读理解之首字母填空题)(解析版).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《热点03科学新知及自然世界(阅读理解之首字母填空题)(解析版).docx(18页珍藏版)》请在优知文库上搜索。
1、热点03科学新知及自然世界阅读理解之首字母填空题中考英语首字母填空题命题主要考查学生根据特定的语境和所给提示的首字母写出正确的单词的能备考策略力,集理解、语言知识和单词拼写等要求于一体,要求学生在理解语言意义的基础上,关注语言形式。话题涉及人文历史、健康生活、社会生活等。首字母填空的语料是大多以叙事为主,旅行、吃饭、人际关系、个人经历等这类主题,贴近学生生活,易于理解。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。近十年上海中考首字母填空所选词,请见下表:上海近十年首字母填空所选词abroadearthhungryphotoscrt(s)areasilyimpossiblephotogr
2、aphAnotherelseincludedPhysicalseldomanythingnvironmentinformationpictureseriousboatEveryoneInsteadplanspecialbuyexpensiveinvitedPbn(三)stepchangefamousjoypoorstillcheapfeelkitchenprefersubjectschildrenfewlivprovesuddenlycomfortablefirstluckyqutterriblecomplainedf0r9etmeaningrealizetopcompletelyfullmo
3、nyreasontripcyclinghardlymoverepairvanousdiedholidayneedrsuh(s)Visitingdrinkhonftoftenriding3迢季生父级如也artyhouseworkovrsafeA重难诠释-I解题能力掌握首字母填空的解题方法,熟悉不同的文体特征,了解首字母填空的命题思路,以不变应万变语言能力熟悉考纲高频词和常见的短语搭配,扩大词汇量,巩固语法知识,提升综合运用词汇和语法的能力阅读能力做题的同时,增加阅读量和阅读速度,提高快速理解文本的能力文化素养通过阅读,进一步了解英美文化和历史,提升文化素养,开拓国际视野【应试技巧】Ol速读全文,
4、定词性读全文:首字母答题的第一步,也是很多学生忽略的一步就是速读全文。了解文章基本大意和作者的写作意图,同时在阅读的过程中把每个空的词性判断出来,然后进入下一步。02寻找线索,定词义划重点首字母填空每题一定有解题线索!要不是你没找到,要不然是出卷人水平不行。很明显,前者概率更大。关注到表达逻辑关系的词汇,毫不夸张地说“得逻辑关系词者,得首字母的天下逻辑关系词的重要性不言而喻。转折逻辑:but,however,instead,举例逻辑:forexample,suchas,like,including.因果逻辑:because,sothat,so,asareasult,thatswhy,inord
5、erto,to指代逻辑:this,that,these,it.03全文复查,定词形定词曲_这一步较为通俗易懂,即学生首次完成后,要再通读下文章,确认所填词的词形是否有误。典型的错误有如下几点:名词单复数;形容词副词的前后缀、比较级与最高级;动词时态、动名词,todo不定式等。重难通关练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给):Storingdata(数据)hasbecomemoreconvenient.Thirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodepend
6、onfloppydisks(软磁盘).N,allwehavetodoishittheSavebuttononourscreens.Thefileswillthenbestoredinthe“cloud.Itseemsthatwewillneverrunoutofspace.Isn,tthatgreat?Infact,however,thestoragespacewenowhaveisnotc2enough.Everyday,4.5billioninternetuserscreateaLARGEamountofdata.By2025,theamountofdataworldwidewillhav
7、er3175zettabytes(1ZB=1012GB).Clearly,wecan,tcovereverypieceoflandontheplanetwithdatacenters.Sowherecanwestoreallofthisdata?Fortunately,someresearchershavebeenworkingonnewstoragetechnologies.OneofthesetechnologiesisDNAstorage.DNAstoragesoundsfuturist,butinsomeways,itsjusttheopposite.B4computerswerein
8、vented,naturehadbeenusingDNAtostoreinformation.In2012,researchersatHa,ardUniversitywroteabook,11picturesandacomputerprogramintohumanDNA.EachgramofDNAcanhold2.2petabytes(PB.ofinformation(1ZB=1,048,576PB.IfDNAiskeptintherightcondition,itcankeepthestoredinformations5foramillionyears.Therearestillp6with
9、usingDNAfordatastorage.Forexample,ittakeslotsoftimetowriteintoandreadfromDNA.Scientistsaretryingtoi7thistechnology.Wewillhavetowaittoseehowtheireffortspayoffinthefuture.【答案】1(N)OWaCIayS2.(c)lose3.(r)eached4.(B)efore5.(s)afe6.(p)roblems7.(i)mprove【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着电脑数据不断增长,储存数据的难度增加,以及DNA技术来储存数据存在的问题。1
10、.句意:如今,我们所要做的就是点击屏幕上的“保存”按钮。ISlSfcvThirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodependonfloppydisks(软磁盘).“以及“allwehavetodoishittheSavebuttononourSCreenS.”几首字母提示可知,此处说的是现如今的情况,nowadays“如今”,是副词,故填(N)OWadays。2 .句意:然而,事实上,我们现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密。根据“Everyday,4.5billioninternetuserscreateaLARGEamountofdata.By2025,theamountofdatawo
11、rldwidewillhave.175zettabytes(1ZB=1012GB).”及首字母提示可知,现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密,此处用形容词Ck)Se,故填(C)IOSe03 .句意:到2025年,全球数据量将达到175ZB(IZB=1012GB)0根据ttheamountofdataworldwidewillhave.175Zettabytes”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是reach“达到”,介绍过去的事情,动词用过去式,故填(r)eachedo4 .句意:在计算机发明之前,大自然一直在使用DNA来存储信息。fi44computerswereinvented,naturehadbeen
12、usingDNAtostoreinfbrmation.”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是计算机发明之前,befbre“在之前”,位于句首的单词首字母要大写,故填(B)efore05 .句意:如果DNA保存在合适的条件下,它可以将存储的信息安全保存100万年。根据IfDNAiskeptintherightcondition,itcankeepthestoredinformation.foramillionyears.”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是Safe“安全的”,此处是“keepslh+ad厂的结构,故填Safeo6 .句意:使用DNA进行数据存储仍然存在问题。根据首字母提示及“Forexampl
13、e,ittakeslotsoflimetowriteintoandreadGomDNA.可知,此处指的是“有问题,PrOblem“问题”,结合“Thereare”可知,此处名词用复数形式,故填(problems。7 .句意:科学家们正在努力改进这项技术。根据“Scienlislsaretryinglo.lhistechnology.Wewillhavetowaittoseehowtheireftbrtspayoffinthefuture.”及首字母提示可知,此处说的是技术正在改进中,improve“提升”,空前有to,此处动词用原形,故填(i)mprove。二、Fillintheblanksw
14、ithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)WhatisTechnology?Technologyistheapplication(应用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanenjoytheconvenienceoflife.Wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseofm8technology.FormostofusinAmerica,technologyi
15、sthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffda9tousbymeansofgoodfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespan(寿命).Soitraisesaquestion.Willhumanbeingscontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitw10Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearchandd11andthelateststatistics(统计)showthatt