世界经济论坛-二氧化碳去除：最佳实践指南（英）-2024.1.docx

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1、WQRLDECONOMICFQRUMWhatCompaniesCanLearnfromFirstMoversCarbonDioxideRemoval:Best-PracticeGuidelinesWHITEPAPERJANUARY2024Images:Unsplash1GettyImagesContentsPreface3Executivesummary41 Overviewofthechallenge61.1 WhycarbonremovalisessentialtoachievingtheParisgoal61.2 Statusofcarbonremovaltechnologies81.3

2、 Purposeofthisreport82 TheengineeredCDRlandscape92.1 Carbonremovaltechnologiesavailableinthemarket92.2 QualityfeaturesofengineeredCDR123 WhyengageinengineeredCDRnow?143.1 Itsgoodforcorporateclimatestrategy143.2 Itprovidesbusinessopportunities153.3 Leadershipisessential-*waitandseeisnotanoption173.4

3、EngineeredCDRbringsco-benefits,too183.5 Amixofnatural-climatesolutionsandengineeredCDRis19needed4 HowtoaessthenascentmarketforengineeredCDR214.1 Howtosecurethebudget214.2 Choosingtherightmarketaccessmodel244.3 CommunicatingCDRperformancein-houseandoutside26thecompanyConclusion28Appendix29Contributor

4、s30Endnotes31DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresentthevie

5、wsoftheWorldEnomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.January 2024CarbonDioxideRemo

6、val:Best-PracticeGuidelinesPrefaceNasimPour1.ead,CarbonRemovalsandMarketInnovation,WorldEconomicForumSofarin2023,theaverageglobaltemperatureonone-thirdofdayshasbeenatleast1.5oChigherthanpre-industriallevels.1AttheendofOctober,scientistswarnedthatwithinjustfiveorsixyears,humanitywouldexceedtheremaini

7、ngcarbonbudgetrequiredforanevenschanceofkeepingwarmingto1.50C?Yetdespiterepeatedwarningsandthecommitmentof195nationsinParisin2015toreversethisunfoldingclimatecatastrophe,greenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,notfall.Decarbonizingtheglobaleconomyistheprimaryandmostcriticalchallenge.Buthotonitsheelsisa

8、nequallypressingpriority:toacceleratetherateatwhichweareremovingexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Evenifeverycountryandeverycompanyachievesnetzeroby2050,itwontbeenough.WewillneedtokeepremovingCO2fordecadesafterwards-toreversetheaccumulationofhistoricemissions,tobalanceoutthehardest-to-abateemissi

9、onsandtosafeguardusagainstEarth,sownfeedbackloopsfromawarmerworld.Thescaleofthechallengeis,forwantofabetterword,mind-blowing.Upto687billiontonnesofCO2willneedremovingbytheendofthecentury-witharound10billiontonnesayearrequiredby2050.3Currentlyweareremovingaround2billiontonnesofCO2ayearthroughnaturalc

10、limatesolutionssuchasafforestation.Butwecantjustrelyontrees,soilsandoceanstodoourdirtyworkforus-notleastbecausewildfiresanddegradationriskreleasingthecarboncapturedbynature.Newsolutionsareneededurgently-technologiesthatcandeliveradditional,permanentandquantifiableimpactsatthespeedandscalerequiredtom

11、akeadifference.Thiswhitepaperexaminesthepromisingpotentialofseveraloftheseengineeredcarbondioxideremoval(CDR)technologies,includingbiochar,bioenergywithcarboncaptureandstorage(BECCS),directaircapturewithcarbonstorage(DACCS)andenhancedrockweathering(ERW).EachsolutionaimstoclearthehighbaroftheWorldEco

12、nomicForumsFirstMoversCoalition(FMC)-todemonstrateitcancaptureandstorecarbonatscaleandwithhighdurability.TheFMCleveragesthecollectivepurchasingpowerofcompaniestosendacleardemandsignaltoscaleupemergingdecarbonizationtechnologiesthatarecriticaltothenet-zerotransition.Bystimulatingsufficientdemand,theF

13、MCaimstohelpacceleratethecommercializationofthesetechnologiesandultimatelydrivedowntheircost.MembersoftheFMChavecommittedtocontractforatleast50,000tonnes-or$25millionworth-ofdurableandscalableCDRby2030.Weneedmorecorporateleaderssuchasthesetostepuprightnowanddemonstratedemandtothepioneersofengineered

14、CDR,sotheycangaintheconfidenceandlinesofcreditneededtoinvestinthesepotentiallylife-savingtechnologies.WehaveinterviewedeightFMCmembersfromdifferentindustrysectorstogaintheirinsightsintowhyitssoimportanttostartnow,whywaitandsee,isnotanoption,andhowbesttonavigatethroughthisnascentmarket.Thispaperchart

15、stheirexperienceandcallsoneverycompanytomakeadvancepurchasesofengineeredCDRaspartoftheirwiderclimatestrategy.ExecutivesummaryIn2022,globalemissionswere2billiontonnesmorethanin2015-a5%rise.YetachievingtheParisclimategoalsrequiresadeclineinemissionsof40-60%by2030.Decarbonizing90%oftheglobaleconomyisthepriorityaccordingtotheScienceBasedTargetsinitiative.Theremaining10%willneedtocomefromnegativeemissions-capturingCO2fromtheatmosphereandstoringitpermanently,knownascarbondioxideremoval(CDR).CDRisrequiredforthreereasons:1)tocom